Overview Of Information Systems Essay

Information Systems Types Description / Benefits Example of Each (Including Vendor Name / Vendor Website) How have you seen them used in your organization or an organization that you are familiar with? 1. Databases A database is a computer mechanism for storing and retrieving data. It gives one true command of their data, enabling one to retrieve it, sort it, analyze it, summarize it, and report results in changes. Example: Google Cloud Website: cloud.google.com/ I have seen them used by businesses, and individual users who want to utilize their data across different IT systems. 2. Networks A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. The benefits of networking include more convenient file sharing and Internet connection sharing. Example: Examples include local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs). University of Phoenix www.phoenix.edu/ I am currently using a wide area network to download and post my assignments to the university of phoenix website. 3. eBusiness Electronic Business, is the administration of conducting business via the Internet. This would include the buying and selling of goods and services, along with providing technical or customer support through the Internet. The benefit is ebusiness allows people to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. Example: Amazon www.amazon.com I have owned my own business and ecommerce was a great way to provide  services without actually physically being there. 4. Wireless Wireless is communications sent without wires or cables. the benefits to wireless are productivity, convenience, and cost advantages over wired networks. Example: wireless phones www.att.com The use of wireless technology in business and everday life is prevelant in today’s society as a whole. I have a wireless phone use, use Bluetooth and wireless internet on my laptop, as well as being able to transmit ans share internet, in my home and business. 5. Social Media Social Media is the websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. One main benefit is the ability to seek out potential clients and networking opportunities. Example: LinkedIn www.linkedin.com I am am member of the site and it is a great tool in networking and finding clients and potential employees. 6. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer relationship management is the strategy that a company uses to handle customer interactions. It is beneficial by creating various platforms to meet customers needs and receive feedback. Example: rewards card program Best Buy www.bestbuy.com/site/†¦rewards/pcmcat102500050032.c?id Best Buy uses their rewards cards to track purchases ans other consumer information that helps in the promotion of certain products and services that they offer. 7. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Supply chain management is the the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from start to finish. This is very beneficial as it shows a log off all happenings with a specific good or service. Example: The U.S. Department of Agriculture www.usda.gov/ The U.S. Department of Agriculture developed a Web-based solution for farmers and ranchers seeking to communicate with distributors and wholesalers. 8. Business Intelligence Business intelligence is a term that refers to a variety of software applications used to analyze an organization’s raw data. It is beneficial by helping companies be more efficient, spot areas for cost savings and identify new business opportunities. Example: the board is an all encompassing BI tool that has helped many companies. http://www.board.com/us/ I have seen a list of and have gotten goods and services from some of the companies that have employed the board’s BI tools.

The company I would like to talk about is Starbucks

A company’s individual organizational structure is a formal composition of task and reporting relationships that allows the company to control, coordinate, and motivate employees so a common goal can be achieved (Bateman & Snell, 2009, p. 505). Starbucks last structure is a matrix structure to maximize communication. It was implemented in 2008 to strengthen partnerships, and improve customer service. Starbucks has 4 divisions within the U. S. Each division has its own supporting functions, which report to their own department and the division. The support functions are â€Å"designed to consolidate functional activities into teams that have a shared vision and goals to support the business† (Schultz, 2008, para. 10 ). Organization mission: Starbucks’ mission is to â€Å"inspire and nurture the human spirit— one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time†. (Starbucks, 2011, para. 7 ). Starbuck is commited to be good to people and the environment. They have implemented several programs to support communities and coffee farmers. They also make donations to African communities to help people living with HIV. Fiscal Policies: Starbucks has a very strong corporate social responsibility governance. All operations and reports are conformed to legal requirements enforced by the SEC and any other governmental agencies. Competition: â€Å"Today, with more than 15,000 stores in 50 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world† (Starbucks, 2011, para. 7). Starbucks' biggest competitors are Mcdonald's, 7-Eleven, Dunkin Donuts, and Caribou Coffee. However, Starbucks has managed to stay ahead because of the unique quality of their coffee and their customer service. Economy: The 2008 restructure implementation has helped Starbucks to overcome the global economic crisis. â€Å"During this past fiscal year, revenues increased to a record $10. 7 billion. Operating income increased by $857 million from fi scal 2009 to $1. 4 billion† (Schultz, 2011, p. 3). Customer demands: Customers come to Starbucks for a unique coffee experience, personalized customer service. Globalization: Starbucks has stores in 50 different countries. Communication can be challenging when dealing with different cultures. Starbucks welcomes diversity. Starbucks believes that † by welcoming a diversity of people and ideas to our business, we create more opportunities for learning and success that benefit customers, partners (employees) and suppliers† (Starbucks, 2011, para. 5).

Articles Assessment Various Medical Care Health And Social Care Essay

Sum up an article discoursing techniques used in measuring the musculoskeletal system. How do the constituents of the wellness history guide the appraisal? Article: More ‘cries from the articulations ‘ : appraisal of the musculoskeletal system is ill documented in everyday paediatric bookkeeping A. Myers 1, J. E. McDonagh 3, K. Gupta 4, R. Hull 5 D. Barker 6, L. J. Kay 7and H. E. Foster Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/8/1045.full.pdf+html A brief sum-up of this article pertains to the appraisal of the musculoskeletal system in kids and how rarely this appraisal was being conducted & amp ; documented. The survey showed how less MSK system appraisal was practiced though many of the study trainee baby doctors ( respondents ) recalled being taught how to measure MSK symptoms. They addressed the importance of MSK appraisal and how its consequences help finding other serious unwellnesss in kids such as osteomyelitis & A ; leukaemia. Comprehensive history taking & A ; joint scrutiny was advised to be taken upon the admittance of a child patient to look into if present unwellness is due to MSK abnormalcies or to a more serious life endangering disease. Furthermore, they have discussed the possibility of overlooking joint & A ; locomotor diseases in kids when people measuring kid patients fail to measure MSK instantly ; and stressed that failure to make so may take to late diagnosing & A ; late oncoming intervention. How make the constituents of the wellness history guide the appraisal? From the referred article, the importance of wellness history pickings was highlighted in footings of bearing in head the age-dependent fluctuation of normal joint visual aspect. Identifying of import articulation abnormalcies could be aided by proper & A ; comprehensive history pickings. Chapter 6: Find a research article turn toing wellness instruction demands for the patient with a dramatis personae. Explain your findings in a one-page paper Article: â€Å" Cast Care † Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.enotes.com/nursing-encyclopedia/cast-care This article provides a brief drumhead about the definition, usage, & A ; importance of dramatis personae for patients. It has besides some guidelines on the proper attention for patients with cast both for the professionals and patients involved. As a sum-up ; for a patient with a dramatis personae, it is advised for the wellness professionals to guarantee that the injured limbs with the dramatis personae to be secured and kept elevated ( either by a pillow or sling ) . It is besides advised to hold a crutch for the first 24-48 hours for extra support of the dramatis personae and injured limb. For wet dramatis personaes, it is of import to observe that compaction of the dramatis personae should be avoided as it can ensue to unneeded force per unit area and annoyance of the skin underneath, which can furthermore consequence to complications such as ulcers & A ; sores. Handling of wet dramatis personaes can be administered by utilizing merely the thenar of the custodies. For patients that have a hip or organic structure dramatis personae, repositioning of the patient every two hours is advised for the first 24 hours ; that is to let the dramatis personae to dry and avoid force per unit area and annoyance every bit good. It is b esides prudent to rede patients that after the application of the dramatis personae he/she may experience that the dramatis personae will foremost experience warm and be cool and moist right after. This is a mark that the dramatis personae is drying. The after attention for patients with a dramatis personae goes with a list of things to retrieve. First of wholly, 1. ) we have to observe that the affected limb with dramatis personae should stay dry. Avoiding the dramatis personae to acquire wet bounds the opportunity of developing annoyance with the tegument. It is suggested that the dramatis personae must be covered with 2 beds of plastic when patients take their bath or showers. 2. ) One method used every bit good in order to diminish hurting and puffiness is to put crushed iced on the dramatis personae every 15mins while the patient is awake during the first 24 hours. It is administered by seting crushed ice on a plastic bag and covers it with a towel or pillow instance. 3. ) It is besides of import that the dramatis personae is secured from dust, soil, sand, or any other atoms that may annoy the tegument of the injured limb. ( Cast boots can be purchased to supply screen for the dramatis personae ) . 4. ) It is besides stresse d that the cushioning for the dramatis personae should be kept integral and patients to forbear the usage of unneeded objects as agencies to rub itchy skin underneath. 5. ) Patients must besides forbear on modifying the dramatis personaes such as frilling or cutting its borders without any doctor ‘s advice. 6. ) Last, patients should ne'er try to take the dramatis personae on their ain. Casts should be inspected on a regular basis and the clip of the remotion of the dramatis personae is merely given & amp ; administered by a doctor ‘s advice. It is besides by regular review that we can look into if there are any complications that developed during the application of the dramatis personae. Chapter 7:A. Using the Internet, research literature turn toing direction of osteoporosis. Identify new medicines on the market to handle this disease.Article: â€Å" Management of Osteoporosis † Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/71/section1.html As a basic regulation for direction & A ; bar of osteoporosis, it is good suggested that protection to come from proper diet & A ; proper Ca consumption. Awareness of our bone wellness is non merely observed through medicine but besides to regular & A ; appropriate exercising. In footings of medical direction, osteoporosis is managed depending on different scenarios. It depends on the patient ‘s current medical consequences and on his / her medical history of vertebral breaks. It is besides different between male & A ; female patients with osteoporosis. The basic end of osteoporosis intervention is to diminish the frequence of bone break ; with hazard factors including low BMD, age, history of break, and hazard of falling. This can be done through medical process, consumption ( bisphosphonates, raloxifene, calcitonin ) , or therapy ( hormone replacing therapy ) . Diagnosis & A ; intervention of patients differs in five state of affairss: Post menopausal adult females holding multiple vertebral breaks ( governing other serious diseases out ) ; Post menopausal adult females holding osteoporosis and history of vertebral break ; Post menopausal adult females holding osteoporosis but without any diagnosing of vertebral break ( presently or in the yesteryear ) ; Aged individuals with hapless wellness and diagnosing of osteoporosis ( holding no history of osteoporotic break ) ; And, work forces with a diagnosing of osteoporosis with or without history of osteoporotic break. Treatment & A ; doses of medicative consumption are different depending on these five scenarios. It is with the ordering doctor and the person or patient ‘s consent that determines on how far they can continue in any pharmacological intervention in order to pull off osteoporosis and queer its patterned advance. To minimise hurting, both acute & amp ; chronic, use of the WHO Analgesic ladder has been suggested in order to mensurate the degree of analgetic consumption. In footings of new developmental interventions for the said disease, new happening engineerings has come up that non merely can offer curative maps in acute vertebral break but can besides diminish considerable hurting. These interventions are known as vertebroplasty ( shooting bone cement to fractured vertebra ) & A ; kyphoplasty ( infixing and blow uping a balloon to fractured vertebra typically before bone cement ) . Both interventions are still undergoing clinical test but as antecedently mentioned, these types of intervention has the immediate aim of minimising hurting and farther end of pull offing osteoporosis.B. Find a research article comparing primary bone tumours to metastatic bone tumours. Sum up in footings of direction.Linkss:hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001230.htm To get down, primary and metastatic bone tumours are merely defined with as bone tumours that either have originated from the bone ( primary ) or have originated from someplace else i.e. chest, lungs, prostate, that has increasingly resulted to cram tumour ( metastatic or secondary ) . The difference chiefly in direction of these two sorts of bone tumours is that, since metastatic bone tumours have originated from a different sort or sorts of malignant neoplastic disease, intervention are with consideration to the patient ‘s original diagnosing of malignant neoplastic disease. Metastatic bone tumour in some manner has merely been an after consequence of the patient ‘s old unwellness. While in primary bone tumour where the original diagnosing has ever been foremost directed to the patient ‘s feeling of relieving hurting coming from the castanetss, the intervention is targeted straight on the said bone disease. Though, it has to be said that in handling primary and metastatic tumours, processs such as radiation therapy, surgery, kyphoplasty or vertebraplasty are all administered. Chapter 8: Research an article turn toing the patient who has undergone an amputation. Explain the patient ‘s rehabilitation and wellness instruction demands. Article: â€Å" Leg Amputation Rehabilitation † Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec22/ch336/ch336i.html Harmonizing to the article, rehabilitations for a patient that has been amputated starts from fixing the patient both physically and psychologically. Guidance may be required for patients who have undergone amputation in order to fix themselves on the alteration in his or her life. Physical wise, rehabilitation encourages amputees to larn ambulation accomplishments. This is encouraged to be administered shortly as the patient is stable. Ambulation accomplishments train patients who have undergone amputation to better their balance and condition their organic structure given their current state of affairs. It besides teaches them the appropriate usage and care of prosthetic device should they of all time be prescribed to utilize one. They are besides taught on how to decently care for the stump and on how to forestall on doing it hurting, infection, or annoyance by avoiding the stump to acquire badly dry and puting prosthetic device even before the lesion has healed. Last, patients who have undergone amputation are besides advised to take proper attention of their wellness and diet such as keeping good position, eating healthy & A ; imbibing tonss of H2O.

Proposal and Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal and Bibliography - Assignment Example Examples of these conditions are Stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Heart disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease among others (UK Stem Cell Foundation). The two basic types of stem cells are Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. They are typically found in the fetus, early embryo, placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood (National Stem Cell Foundation of Australia 1-2). Problem Statement Stem cell research is a major development in the health industry although there are many ethical issues that it faces currently. Aim The aim of this proposal is to analyze the Ethics and Law of Stem Cell Research, especially in the methods how human tissue is donated because some of the methods used undermine human ethical standards (National Stem Cell Foundation of Australia). ... yze these issues" () Situational Analysis There is an increasing demand by researchers seeking eggs from young women to be used for embryonic cloning procedures. This harvesting involves administration of drugs that have not been approved for that purpose (Dianne Beeson 1-3). These drugs could pose serious harm to the women that participate in this exercise both long term and short term effects. The widespread practice exposes women to risks that are ethically unacceptable and have to be addressed. Another interesting issue to note is that the egg harvesting takes place in a research climate marked by conflict of interests. This kind of experiments has prompted the research I intend to carry out on stem cell research. The kinds of practices used in stem cell research have prompted the concern of human rights activists all over the world in pursuit of this research, how it adversely affects the stakeholders in it. The risk at which these researchers put the women through must be weigh ed against potential benefits. Method This will be a qualitative research design that will utilize both primary and ancillary data. The resultant data will be carried out through a desk research and library session. From the desk research, there will be a thorough analysis of online information such as online journals, medical websites, and online eBooks. Further research will be carried out through a library session where peer reviewed journal articles, periodicals, and books will be used to gather data on the issue at hand, ethical issues with stem cell research. All the information found will be noted down and taken to a central place to await analysis. Filing will be necessary to avoid loss of data or damage. The next step will be to collect primary data. In collecting primary data, the

Business Plan Input and Matching stage Term Paper

Business Plan Input and Matching stage - Term Paper Example orating with Microsoft Corporation, development of vehicles with LTE 4G broadband connections and car designs with removable bicycle frame tucked in its body. These factors increase sales of vehicles in the company. In addition, U.S requirements such as federal emissions Standards and heavy duty vehicles contribute to the political factors influencing sales of Ford Company. The supplies of Ford Motor Company include electronics, braking systems, car batteries and integrated vehicle systems. The major suppliers are Johnson Controls and TRW Automotive Holdings Corporation. Johnson and TRW Companies have high bargaining power because of low competition (University of Kentucky 1). The major consumers of the Ford products are people and schools who need vehicles. People with ages 55 to 64 whose estimation is around 76 million are the major buyers in comparison to other age cohorts and so have higher bargaining power. The potential of new entrants in the motor industry is low and depends on who is planning to enter the industry. High capital needed to start a motor company, competition from existing firms and establishment of new suppliers are barriers new entrants face. Ford Motor belongs to the transportation industry whose potential substitutes include air, water and railway transportation vessels. Air transport as a substitute is very convenient and fast. Lower costs of transport on the substitutes may lead lower sales in motor industry. The top management team includes Chris Policinski who is the president and CEO, Lisa Deverell is the senior vice president, John Ellenberger senior vice president, Jim Fife executive vice president. The HR is expected to conduct all company’s business while obeying the laws of the country and ensure that all employees observe the ethics of business. Ford’s culture is to win the hearts of many customers and maintain the relationship. Ford sells high quality vehicles at affordable prices thus attracting high market. Financial

The Fight for and Evolution of Same Sex Marriage in America Essay

The Fight for and Evolution of Same Sex Marriage in America - Essay Example The validity of the volume is incontestable because of its thorough application of qualitative methodologies, specifically in-depth interviews and observations. The volume also considers other important legal issues such as inheritance rights and health privileges. All over the discussion, arguments from all parties of the debate come out, thus creating a balanced discourse. (2) Alderson, K. & Lahey, K. (2004) Same-Sex Marriage: The Personal and the Political. New York: Insomniac Press. This volume summarizes the historic court decisions in Canada to recognize the marriage of homosexuals; the statutes in Belgium and Netherlands which have granted the permission to homosexual couples to marry; and the legal issues of same-sex marriage in the courts of California, Massachusetts, Hawaii, and other states (Alderson & Lahey, 2004). The volume is relevant to the thesis because of its elaboration discussion on the evolution of same-sex marriage typified by heightened personal happiness on t he one hand and by landmark legal interpretation and traditional social movement on the other. Although the volume is largely exploratory and descriptive, the authors’ thorough analysis of earlier literature and current empirical findings on the legal status of same-sex marriage builds it credibility. (3) Attorney, F.H. & Attorney, E.D. (2011) Making it Legal: A Guide to Same-Sex Marriage, Domestic Partnership & Civil Unions. Berkeley, CA: NOLO. The volume sums up the past, current, and potential status of same-sex marriage statutes in the United States. The volume is relevant to the thesis because the authors present a thorough evaluation of the factors that affect the choice to marry, explains the complicated and constantly changing directives of statutes on same-sex relationship, and offers realistic recommendations on the institution of marriage (Attorney & Attorney, 2011). The trustworthiness of the volume is unquestionable since the authors have personal experience with and professional knowledge of the past, present, and future legal status of same-sex marriage. Aside from their own perspectives, the authors involved other legal scholars and practitioners to contribute to the same-sex marriage discourse. (4) Barclay, S. & Fisher, S. (2003) â€Å"The States and the Differing Impetus for Divergent Paths on Same-Sex Marriage, 1990-2001,† Policy Studies Journal, 31(3), 331+ This article is related to the thesis because it puts emphasis on the motivations for the implementation of state legislations that prohibit the recognition of same-sex marriages. The article is adequate in terms of validity and reliability due to its use of a ‘regression model of pooled time series data from the 50 states in the period 1990 to 2001’ (Barclay & Fisher, 2003, 331). The authors take into account the validity of current social, demographic, and political movement variables (p. 331) that have been connected in the past to the passing of statutes re garding sexual perception of the local and central government. (5) Cahill, S. (2004) Same Sex Marriage in the United States: Focus on the Facts. Oxford, UK: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. The book systematically compares between civil marriage, domestic partnership, and civil union prior to discussing the empirical findings concerning both the anti- and pro-same-sex marriage campaigns (Cahill, 2004). The author also discloses findings

How do ex-prisoners social exclusion impact upon access to Learning Essay

How do ex-prisoners social exclusion impact upon access to Learning - Essay Example An ex-prisoner can explain this best based on the experience the person had when behind the bars. Being denied so many privileges could also mean being denied to access learning. When such happens outside the prison circles, the ex-prisoner may take time to connect to the world hence denying the person chances to learn. Learning for an ex-prisoner is important for reconnection to the free world. Though such involvement has positive consequences for the person and the community, it might be faced by challenges (Portes 1998). One of the major challenges that face this venture is the society unwillingness to protect the ex-prisoner. This sense of social exclusion affects the person’s learning ability even after they are out of prison. According to Blewett (2005), too much power forms a chain of contradiction that isolates the subject hence leading to a form of instability. The instability caused by the power exercised in prison also affects them mentally and socially (Gaventa 2003). Most of the ex-prisoners find themselves in a state of exclusion where nobody wants to be associated with them. An ex-prisoner may have a desire to learn but the desire may die out of mental instability and the state of exclusion experienced outside prison. Social exclusion has an effect in creating accumulative experience of class oppression. This saturates around the entire social body in that both the ex-prisoner and the people around him feel the exclusion (Lucas 2004). Any efforts to access skills when such saturation has taken place are rendered futile since concentration is not guaranteed. The person’s feeling of oppression may act negatively towards concentration and willingness to participate in the learning process. Both the team and the ex-prisoner may not be at ease with one another for fear of the unknown. However, the above discussion does not dismiss the fact that access to learning for ex-prisoners may be attainable at certain instances. When

The Diverse Nature of Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Diverse Nature of Counseling - Essay Example Psychoanalytic therapy was the first to develop in the area of counseling. It was created by an Austrian doctor by the name of Sigmund Freud. He wrote many aspects of the personality such as the id, ego, and superego. He also came up with the idea of reaction mechanisms in response to anxiety as well as thoughts of the consciousness and unconsciousness. In regards to therapy, the goal of therapy in psychotherapy is to bring the unconscious into the conscious realm through dream interpretation and talking therapy. In addition, it focuses on the strengthening of the ego so that the person becomes more integrated with reality. This was the foundation for all of the other therapies in psychology. The next major form of therapy to develop in counseling was Alderian therapy. It was started by Alfred Adler, who was a student of Freud’s, so there is some psychoanalytical influence on this theory. His basis for this therapy was that people are strongly influenced by the events of the p ast in which they either witnessed or experienced. Unlike in psychoanalysis which is purely deterministic, Alderian therapy acknowledges that both biological and environmental factors can impact a person. Many times, Alderian therapy is used in family and child therapy due to the emphasis on birth order and family constellations. Many times the goal in therapy is helping the person overcome inferiority and modifying faulty lifestyles and motivation. (Rule, & Bishop, 2006). Existential therapy is one of the theories which is more derived from philosophy rather than the behavioral sciences. It was created and supported by Victor Frankl and Rollo May. They reject the deterministic behavior of psychoanalysis in favor of the idea that we have the freedom to choose who and what we want to be. It is in this attempt to find oneself in which the therapy is developed. Logotherapy, the search for meaning, was created using this philosophy on counseling. The goal in counseling is helping the in dividual discover themselves and allowing them to redefine themselves through personal expression and genuineness expressed by the therapist (Yalom, 1980). Person-centered therapy was started by Carol Rogers. Again, rather than the purely biological nature of psychoanalysis, person centered therapy relies on concepts from the humanistic psychology. The main aspects of person centered therapy, as a therapist, are to have unconditional positive regard for a person, congruence, and be able to be empathetic towards the individual. The idea behind person centered therapy is that growth in the client is attained by the genuineness of the client-therapist relationship. This was unlike many of the prior therapy philosophies in that the main goal of therapy is based on the client-therapist relationship (Tudor, & Worrall, 2006). Gestalt therapy is the based on the here and now. According to Fritz Pearls, the goal in helping the client overcome neuroticism is by making them experience their pa st emotions and experiences as if they are a current feeling. Some of the principles of Gestalt therapy included

Personal Safety in Kensington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Safety in Kensington - Essay Example As such fear of being a victim of a less serious crime has significantly contributed to behaviour change in residents of Kingston. 2,2 The Crime and Disorder Act of 1988 and The Police Reform Act of 2002 vested power and responsibility within the police force to work hand in hand with other agencies in a bid to develop a three year strategy that was meant to promote safety in the communities (Home Office, 2004). The need to monitor levels of public concern was also increased after the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003, Anti Social Behaviour Act 2004 and Government Strategy for reduction of Harm 2004. An emphasis on the need to strengthen the monitoring challenges arising for new anti social behaviour is found in A New Partnership 2008 -2011 (Home Office, 2008) in conjunction with the studies that were suggested by Kingston police as well as community members. 2.3 The Police and Justice Act 2006 resulted in the amendment of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 prioritises the aspect o f partnerships where a Strategy Group with a certain level of membership is responsible for undertaking strategic assessments on a yearly basis. The issues of concern which are identified through this strategic assessment are put forward in a three year Strategic Plan. The Partnership Plan is comprised of the following aspects: crime and disorder reduction strategy, dealing with unwanted elements of misuse are some of the elements earmarked to be covered by the Partnership Plan over the period of three years. Thus, according to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Partnership plan 2008/11, there are six areas which are given prominence and these include the following: misuse of alcohol, misuse of drugs, unbecoming behaviour, violence against others, domestic violence, crime related to hate as well as crime committed by youths. 2.4 The use of CCTV across the United Kingdom has been adopted as a strategy to fight crime since these are used to monitor the events obtaining on the g round. Thus, in May 1998, Kensington introduced a centralised CCTV from a controlled center and this system has been extended to the other communities in the neighbourhood and the cameras are used to cover the shopping centers as well as railway stations (Lazell, 2009). 2.5 Since 1998 when the first Kingston Thames Crime audit was unveiled, this objective was attained through constant surveillance of the town center as well as district offices. The study links with surveillance programmes and it looks at the changes in the perceptions of the people about their concerns for safety in Kingston in 2012 February. Target population and survey design 3.1 A study about personal safety in Kensington was conducted on 17 February 2012 and 24 February 2012 by the Kingston University’s Students from the School of Social sciences (Herrick, 2012). Just like in previous years, quota samples were drawn on the basis of people who are more vulnerable to attacks such as the elderly, cyclists, p re-schoolchildren, disabled people, minority groups as well as the ordinary members of the public. The questionnaires were used to measure levels of concern of safety by individuals compared to recorded cases of victimisation. The victims of crime were also asked to

Criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Criminal justice - Assignment Example There was formation of the international association of chiefs of police, women included in the police force 1910 Los Angeles, establishment of fraternal order of police and use of new technology such as phones and automobiles in the police department (Schmalleger, pg. 90). The period of prohibition is considered one of the dark periods in the development of law implementation and enforcement. It is during this era that so many organized criminal incidents escalated, illegal businesses grew without hindrance, and corruption in the police forces was entertained allowing unlawful acts to go on at their watching. It was until the Wickersham Commission realized that prohibition era was doing more harm than good that then significant law changes were initiated fight corruption and unlawfulness. This included the growth of civil rights where by the Supreme Court stated individual rights, scrutiny of police operations and formation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. Law improvement and enforcement strategies were defined and adopted by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice standards and Goals. There are several federal law enforcement agencies in America each with a specific function geared towards promoting law. The US Department of Justice is responsible for reporting crimes, locating fugitives, finding sales of seized property, identifying missing individuals and building test between law enforcement and the general public they serve. The Central Intelligence Agency is charged with the duty of preempting threats and advance the US national security objectives by gathering intelligence that is significant, analyzing data, initiate action as prompted by the president and protect the national secretes. The Federal Bureau of Investigation protects the US from terror attacks, against foreign intelligence operations, protect civil rights and against

Proof reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Proof reading - Essay Example Unlike the hieroglyphics of the Egyptians, Aegean writing is not considered an art but was considered to be a craft that very few specialize during their time. The origins were blurry except for signs of Prepalatial Period influences. It also did not contain definite developments between periods found in the Aegean. Original scripts are found in ‘First Palace Period Crete’ and they are with preceding documents in written form. In Crete, the development of writing was highly necessary because of the need for recording and storying the commodities. However, this idea came from the East although it â€Å"does not characterize a completely imitative demonstration† (Dickinson, p.193). Crete writing shows no signs of its origins deriving from the Eastern civilizations which had early proofs of writing in their culture. It is regarded as inherent invention in the local level. Crete’s clay documents were sun-dried while Eastern people bake their documents. Some believe that some records were written in perishable material such as papyrus or parchment. However, the evidence was not strong enough to prove it as fact. This leaves question regarding the usage and the contents of the materials. The artifacts contained what are perceived to be records regarding commodities and other unclear matters that the era imposed. In many signs of writing, the hieroglyphics, which was the earliest script found in writing, is known to be of north Crete particularly Mallia (Dickinson p.193-194). Linear A which evolved from hieroglyphics found in Phylakopi and Ayia Irini as tablets fragments and also in Akrotiri, Kastri and Ayios Stephano. This had tremendous influence on the sc ripts found in Cyprus that later on evolved into another level of writing known as Linear B. During The Third Palace Period, Linear B seems to be a developed version of those found at Knossos. Linear B was not only the development of writing

Corporate Ethics Failure †A Critical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Corporate Ethics Failure – A Critical Analysis Essay Arthur Andersen, in 1913 established a corporate entity that for decades provided a benchmark for auditing and consulting in the accounting industry. From the onset Mr. Andersen worked to build a foundation for his company representative of the principles of excellence in the technical and ethical aspects of his new company. His ethical model focused on Utilitarianism, the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. In the late 1940’s after the founder passed away, newly appointed CEO, Senior Partner Leonard Spacek, further exhibited his leadership and commitment to ethical practices by helping to establish the Accounting Principles Board, their prinmary responsibilities being to set industry accounting and ethical standards. This is a direct reflection on the commitment Arthur Andersons executive staff place on the company’s belief in performing their practice in an honest and trustworthy manner. Spacek was so revered that former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volker once refered to as Spacek’s tenure as a time when Arther Andersen was the â€Å"Gold Standard â€Å" for the accounting industry. See more: how to write a critical analysis outline These standards built a reputation in the accounting community which led to tremendous success. Honesty and integrity were trademarks of the company that concentrated on quality, leadership and developing its personnel to be experts in every aspect of the accounting industry . As the business began to grow, Arthur Andersen eventually became a leader in the financial industry, employing as much as 77,000 accounting professionals in 84 countries. A reflection on the many positive aspects of Arthur Andersen, its commitment to the many ethical principles it championed, both in its own corporate structure and that of the accounting community. In this writers opinion, with such metrics in place, it is amazing that such a large entity could implode and collapse. However, if one understands the importance of ethical behavior and the impact of lost trust, the analysis is not difficult. The problems encountered at Arthur Anderson were the result of inappropriate ethical behavior which resulted from compromises of their own ethical standards. These began as small issues for various clients that over time grew creating a slippery slope from which Arthur Andersen could not recover. Corporate enterprises are funded by investors, stockholders and consumers. Likewise, their activities, both internal and external, also affect investor, stockholder, stakeholder and consumer. All depend on the financial health and viability of the company to support their individual interests. The responsibility of the SEC is to verify financial wellbeing and provide a tool for which potential investors and stock buyers can fairly judge the risks involved as they decide which company their money should support. Auditors share the responsibility the provide analysis of the the financial condition while looking for errors in the bookkeeping/ accounting of the company’s financial position. The auditor’s responsibility is to correct or balance any errors thus preventing a misleading view of the true financial strength of the company. If this view is compromised by providing or allowing false data to exist, the company’s position is weakened, investors are led under false pretenses, placing their investments at risk. The SEC depends on a complete, thorough and truthful analysis from an auditor to verify the financial status providing security for those desiring to invest or provide financial support. Arthur Andersen’s problems began precisely as mentioned earlier, when executives began to Behave unethically in a manner against the principles on which the company was founded. It is important to note that while Arthur Anderson employed good business ethics, the company flourished. As it began to compromise it’s integrity the long term consequences eventually to appear. The Enron collapse represents just one of many cases where mistakes were made and hidden. For Arther Andersen, in business almost 90 years, the destruction of Enron documents to prevent the SEC from gaining access to incriminating evidence shows how corrupt the accounting firm had become. While millions of dollars in revenue for Arthur Andersen were at stake, the viability of the company depended on the reputation it garnered. The demise of the company resulted from the dishonest tactics it employed to remain in power. As of June , 2002, the company had laid off 7,000 employees, and lost more that 650 of it’s 2,300 public audit clients with the layoff of thousands pending. The slippery slope to extinction had begun. http://money.cnn.com/2002/06/13/news/andersen_verdict/ In the article â€Å"12 Ethical Principles for Business Executives† by the Josephson Institute, published on December 17, 2010, stated that â€Å" language establishing standards or rules describing the kind of behavior an ethical person should and should not engage in, are ethical principles.† More specifically they are specified as â€Å"Honesty, Integrity, Promise keeping and Trusworthiness, Loyalty, Fairness, Concern for Others, Law Abiding, Commitment to Others, Leadership, Reputation, Morale and Accountability.† http://josephsoninstitute.org/business/blog/2010/12/12-ethical-principles-for-business-executives/ The founder, Arthur Andersen, embodied these principles to the point that he personally reimbursed a client for an accounting mistake made under his watch. While a disclaimer on the part of Arthur Andersen guards against minor mistakes in the accounting audit/ review, it seems this created a gray area that was taken advantage of. Also, management should have developed a zero tolerance mechanism to maintain an ethical culture dedicated to preventing inappropriate behavior. Policy should have mandated regularly documented training on business ethics, and the importance of its implementation as the auditing process ensued. Any issues should have been to the client with reconciliation mandantory prior to an Audit Opinion being submitted. The indictment of Arthur Andersen and subsequent trial provided proof the Audit Opinion and review of Enrons balance sheet and financial statements were submitted with the intention to skew the true condition of the company’s true fiscal condition, thus deceiving the shareholders, board of directors, potential investors and stakeholders. An overview of the measures in place to safeguard against inappropriate accounting behavior provide an insite to the items that were violated during Enron and Arthur Andersens quest to bilk investors share holders of millions. â€Å" These safety measures included Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS), Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS), and all professional ethics. The use of GAAP by accountants is standard protocol. An accountant follows these principles as a matter of daily routine. According to several accounting texts, GAAP is identified as a â€Å"dynamic set of both broad and specific guidelines that companies should follow when measuring and reporting the information in their financial statements.†Ã¢â‚¬  http://faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htm The article â€Å"7 Principles of Admirable Business Ethics† presents seven additional principles which complement ethical behavior. Those are â€Å"Be trustful, keep and open mind, meet obligations, have clear documents, become community involved, maintain accounting control and be respectful. http://sbinformation.about.com/od/bestpractices/a/businessethics.htm In conclusion, legal analyst’s formulate the opinion that â€Å"executives at Arthur Andersen and Enron did not set out to have a positive impact on the accounting industry or any industry. They set out to make as much money for themselves as quickly as possible. They were willing to do whatever it took to make that money. These thoughtless acts and greed led both companies to an eventual downfall in bankruptcy.† The subsequent prosecution of these firms has produced new controls which should serve to prevent this type of financial disaster. Most notably the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which includes requiring companies to reevaluate its internal audit procedures and makes sure the accounting practices either â€Å"meet or exceed the expectations of the auditors.† http://faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htm Statement Regarding Professional Conduct: â€Å"This assignment is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the assignment in accordance wth academic practice. If I used data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, I have cited the source(s). I understand that copying text word for word from other sources without placing it in quotation marks is considered plagiarism and not acceptable even if I cite the source where the material was copied from. I certify that this assignment was prepared specifically for this class and has not been submitted in whole or in part, to any other class at Walsh or elseware.†

Consumer buying behaviour in Thailand

Consumer buying behaviour in Thailand The telephone took four decades to reach 50 million people The Internet has managed this within four years as digital technologies provide such efficient channels for business and consumer interaction transactions The Internet has changed people lifestyle; it became apart of people daily life. They use internet to replace their common activities such as E-mail instead of writing letter, MSN chat and Skype instead of using telephone, YouTube instead of watching TV. Therefore, many organisations tried to use Internet as a new way to reach their customers which called E-marketing. E-marketing is a new marketing strategy using to reach many consumers at low cost. It can be used to interact with customer 24hrs a day, 7days a week without any additional cost. Consumer can get information about products any times, any places. According to Seock and Norton (2007), consumer channel choices for shopping had been widened because of diffusion of the Internet: causing everything that happens to sales in electronic form or what it realized as online shopping. 84 per cent of global consumers have experience purchasing over the internet (Nielsen, 2008). Number of Thais internet usage rate is increasing everyday. There are many internet service providers offer high speed internet. Most of Thais are familiar with using internet in playing game, social network like Facebook, twitter but number of online purchasing is very low. Comparing between European and Western to Thai, the number of online purchasing is very different. Online purchasing is still very limited for Thais. They are not familiar with buying things online. Thai consumers love to see and touch and feel the product before making any purchasing decision. With brand name product, consumers seem to have a high involvement because its impossible for them to buy without seeing the real product. They also have very limited knowledge to buy thing online as they are afraid to share important information online such as their bank account, there personal data or their credit card number. At the same time, the number of Thai website that offers online service is very rare. Therefore there is opportunity to introduce this service for Thais. This research attempts at learning why Thais consumer do not want to buying brand name online. The aim of this research is to learn what Thai consumer perception toward buying brand name online is and what factors effect their decision making. What Thai consumers characteristic make a brand name online shopping. The area of this research will focus mainly on Thai consumers in Thailand. The research objective will be divided into five main areas: To investigate Thai consumer buying making decision toward online shopping. To investigate Thai consumers experience on shopping online. To investigate Thai consumers perception toward buying brand name online. To identify the most important factors in the buying decision making on online shopping in Thailand To investigate Thai consumer demographic characteristic who make online shopping. In research methodology, we will try to achieve the objective by using quantitative research through online questionnaire. The result of research will help researcher in order to achieve the objective that has been set and help us to determine Thai consumer behavior and perception toward buying online. Literature Review In this part, the researcher would like to divide into two parts: The first part will explain a character of consumer behavior towards high involvement such as buying brand name product, what factors effect them to buy online, and consumers perception toward brand. The second part will clarify the characteristic of online marketing in Thailand. Involvement Some products, such as high-performance car seem inherently involving because of their complexity, risk and cost, while others, such as toothpaste seem uninvolving by comparison because of their familiarity, low risk and low cost Laakasonen (1994) Therefore, buying brand name online is like a high-performance car because is too complex (untouchable product) and risky (fake product), this will make consumer spend more time in order to search information before making a decision. Moreover, a consumers level of involvement depends on their individual interests, value of products, needs, which attract or motivate them. Involvement is commonly defined as the consumers personal interest in buying or using an item from a given product field, an approach which nicely summarizes the personal, product and situational components of the relationship (Evan et al,. 2009). Factor Customer satisfaction seems to be a key major to influence consumer-buying decision. Customer satisfaction can be the most important reason for customers deciding to make a repeat purchase, and telling their friends about their satisfaction (Palmer 2000). If online shop can make customers believed that their shop has good quality product, secure, and friendly, this would help their shop gain more new customers. Not only online shops give customer a good quality product, but they should also give them equity. Oliver (1997) defined equity as a fairness, rightness or deservingness judgment that consumers make in reference to what others receive; it is also considered as an important determinant of satisfaction. With these product quality and equity, this would make customers satisfy and motivate them to make a repurchase. Brand Brand image seems to be an important for online market area because brand helps consumer make buying decision and it creates a credibility of online shop. Rio del B. et al. (2001) defined brand as the set of associations and behaviors on the part of a brands customers, channel membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and that gives that brand a strong, sustainable, and differential advantage over competitors. In Thailand, the customers perception toward brand product equate to high price, which in turn dampens their willingness to make decision toward buying brand name online. Online market It seems to be that now the market channel has been classified into two main channels that are online channels and offline channels or we called traditional channels. Offline channels, consumers reduce of risk on shopping because they can have a physical interaction with products, when compared to online channels. According to Brown et al. (2003), Whilst shopping online allows the exchanging of value and productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by using computer as a medium of transaction transference. In Thailand, it seems to be that now Thai consumers still like to buy products from offline channel or in shopping mall due to online channel still do not have a good credibility. Thai online retailer should have to create credibility and trust to consumer in order to make them believe that Thai online channel is secure (Mict 2010). It seems to be that in Thailand, many of online retailers seem not to register for doing their business compare to Western country. Moreover, Thailand online payment still unsecure, this make Thai online consumers do not want to take risk on payment that is why they prefer to touch and see product before making buying decision. The key concerns that consumers have over the online purchasing trends are security of the privacy or financial which relatively unsecure once online payment has been made, such as credit card fraud (Harridge 2006). Moreover, Roman and Cuestas (2008) stated that security on online transaction is need to be strict as to gain trust i n the mind of shoppers regarding their online financial transaction made with the site will be safe form unauthorized access. Research Question This research has focused on four main research questions as follows: Who are online stores target customers in Thailand? What is the perception of Thai customers toward online shopping? What factors affect Thai consumers purchasing decisions? Which is the most important factor that influences Thai consumers purchasing brand name online? Research Method Research method helps online retailer know which strategies they should use to influence consumer buying decision. Research method can be classified into two types that are Quantitative research and Qualitative research. Both of them have different pros and cons, which researcher will discuss more in detail later on. Data can be collected in variety of ways, in different settings-field or lab-and from different sources. Choosing methodology is up to what paradigms the researcher adopts. There are two main paradigms or philosophies, which are positivist and phenomological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The alternative terms for positivist are quantitative, objectivist, experimentalist, and traditionalist. The other terms for phenomenological are qualitative, subjectivist, humanistic, and interprevist. There are several data collection methods, each with their own advantage and disadvantages. The research method that researcher will use is Quantitative research, focusing on the survey method. Now, researcher should think about what types of questionnaire should be used, such as mail questionnaire, electronic questionnaire, and personal questionnaire. In this report, due to time limitation, it seems to be that the used of electronic questionnaire or online questionnaire will be more suitable and take less time, cost, and can expand very quickly in order to collect data than other quantitative research. After researcher has chosen a specific method, researcher will make a questionnaire by using pilot test in to make sure that all questions can be understand by respondent. If questionnaires have any errors or respondents hard to understand, researcher can improve before using to the target audiences. Researcher has specific target to make a research that is a Thai consumer age between 18 and 35 years old and compare between teenager (18-27) and middle age (28-35). A sample size that researcher expect to have is minimum 100 respondents, the questionnaire will be distributed through email and social networks to 200 respondent who have use internet. In order to make data collection, we will use both primary and secondary data. The secondary data will used on book, journal, article, and commercial online database provide from the website (Mintel, or Google Shcolar). Website offering information for a fee, almost every industry association, government agency, business publication, and news medium offers free information to those tenacious enough to find their website (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The use of secondary provides a good start for research and define problem and objective. This helps researcher in order to find an objective for consumer buying decision and perception toward online brand name in Thailand. Secondary data helps researcher to better understand and indicated what has been missing form the current online business in Thailand. Moreover, it helps researcher to develop hypotheses and objective of the study. For primary data, a survey research has been chosen as a method of conducting a research, because survey was available to large number of population. As a time limitation, using questionnaire can help researcher save time and cost. After we already collect data from questionnaire, then we can identify that questionnaire is validity, reliability, and genalisability or not. Roadblock There might have some limitations when make a research, due to limit of time and budget cost. Moreover, the respondents are required to have a computer access to be able to take part in this research. Discussion To sum up, researcher believed that this research will help us to know more about Thai consumers behavior and perception toward online brand name store. The use of secondary data helps researcher can set a research question in order to collect a primary data. However, researcher has to select which research method would like to use in order to collect primary data. As a result, a good method in this report is Quantitative research by using questionnaire to collect primary data. By using questionnaire, it will help researcher to collect data and can analyses about Thai consumers. Due to time limitation of research, the used of questionnaire will helps us to save cost and time. The questionnaire has been sent to 200 via e-mail and social network in order to collect minimum 100 respondents. Researcher believed that the primary data that we collect can help to do finding and analyses on Thai consumers buying behavior and perception toward online brand name. Moreover, to learn more what f actor can influence Thai consumer in order to purchase brand name online.

Different Types Of Faults and Viruses Essay

Different Types Of Faults and Viruses Essay In todays modern society the use of technology is vastly increasing. Technology is progressively becoming a obligatory system that we use in everyday life whether thats using laptops, phones or computers, we use these types of devices mainly due to the implausible service technology provides such the different types of applications and also the well known internet. Statistics suggest that laptops and computers are a very common type of technological device than any other gadget mainly due to its stability, capacity, simplicity, and portability. Having a computer requires a lot of care; computers may come across different types of faults which can be time consuming and frustrating to endure. There are several symptoms a computer/laptop can experience when being under threat such has not being able to download anything, very slow browsing or computer wont come on but this can be avoided by installing firewalls/anti-virus software. P3: Different types of faults Viruses- Viruses are very common in interrupting a computer while it is used in an activity of some sought, Viruses inflict damage by multiplying its self on to another programme without the users allowance which then results in the virus doing anything it wants such as destroying a programme and downloading inappropriate content. A virus can occur by surfing a non- trustworthy site, opening spam mail or clicking on fake adverts. A typical virus would mainly access the hard drive of a computer which can result in deleting important information/data. There are many viruses that can penetrate a computer such as macro viruses, File infectors etc. Error messaging- Error messages imply that a computer has rejected a certain demand that a user has issued for a specific reason, for example when trying to load or save files you may get an out of memory dialogue box, or when trying to access websites the computer may respond with an access denied dialogue box. Loss of service- Loss of service is a certain malfunction while trying performing an operation. Example of Loss of service can be failure in accessing the internet or the system shutting down, or a certain component of the computer is not responding such as the printer, scanner, unable to share resources with other computers or that you cannot interact with other computers. Poor performance- Poor performance is the slow response from the system such as on the internet a certain webpage may take a long time to load or a computer is unable to obey a specific command. In my opinion the internet is the most successful and useful resource in order to find a solution for faults because the internet has unlimited data so if you were looking for information the internet will almost guarantee you a worthy find. How to resolve these faults Viruses: Viruses can damage your system in many ways, shape or form, you should contact a help desk in which you will be consulted by an experienced technician if not then visiting forums where people are in the same situation can help, FAQS (frequently asked questions). Another solution can be downloading anti software or firewalls such as Norton. If you are determined to succeed without having to invest then you may consider opening up the computer and trying to adjust the issue. FAQ Loss of service: A certain component of a computer may not be functioning e.g. scanner, if this issue occurs the user should refer to the manual given with the scanner at purchase or looking at informative books on a possible solution, or maybe reading trouble shooting guides, you may need to contact your manufacturer for assistance. Error messages- This type of fault is very frequent when trying to perform a particular procedure, reading trouble shooting guides may be helpful, reading manuals upon the issue or maybe notifying a technician. Poor performance: a computer may take a long time to load an application such as the internet; a user should contact the local administrator for assistance. When buying a computer a user should always make sure they have the essential package to adjust faults such as having firewalls and antivirus software etc, and they should always have the links on where to go if these types of problems occur P4- Source technical information to provide advice and guidance for a variety of faults. Viewing different sources of information can always help to find a solution to different types of faults, when buying a computer you should consider analyzing what the computer does, its security etc. A user is always given instruction manuals at purchase which are very important because a user may find out how to solve the problems they are having such as poor performance. Alternatively if a manual does solve the issue then a user should consider other options. Below are explanations of each type of sources of information Sources of technical information FAQs: Frequently asked questions or FAQs is an online source which lists the most common questions and answers that are based on a problematic situation. FAQs can be written concerning any subject, they are written by users who have become some sought of an expert in a particular field which they have been in themselves in which they have found the solution. Fault records: it keeps a register of all of the faults that occur, it includes when a fault occurs, why it occurred what do to do solve it. Specialist expertise: an expert can be the best source to cure a fault because they can gain a better understanding when they have visual indication and then they can solve the issue. User manuals: The main purpose of user manuals which can also be known as user guide is to provide assistance and clarity when using a particular system, object or item. The information a manual supplies is usually written by a professional technological writer. Technical forums: Technical forums can be known as an online conversation between different users regarding a specific issue they have experienced. This can be an efficient method when finding a solution because there are millions of internet users throughout the world so you are bound to find someone who has had the same issue and that you can seek advice and help from them but you can come across answers that may be biased. Product specification: A product specification consists of a document that includes the raw material that will be used to make this product, and all the required characteristics If a users computer fails to operate, viewing FAQs can help and actually going to the official company of your computer can help, manufacture lend a major hand in going in to depth with these issues. For example if you have a Compaq laptop or computer and are experiencing difficulties such as faults you can contact the company on their website and address them about this particular situation. http://www.compaq.com/cpq-country/uk/en/cpq_support.html. A computer is almost guaranteed to experience poor performance once which is when a web page does not load or that something is not loading. When a users computer lacks speed it is best to notify a professional technician to make adjustments to the system or possibly upgrading your computer can increase speed. Since my computer is from the company Compaq I would use this source of information on how to increase speed/clearing any junk off the system, http://www.compaq.com/country/articles/index.html. Browsing sites, opening spam mail can occasionally allow viruses to enter the system mainly the hard drive which can result in deleting important data. Re booting the system can be an option if a user does not want antivirus software but this action may result in data being deleted. Downloading antivirus software or firewalls are the biggest help to defend against viruses. A common anti virus software used by many can be Norton since they provide outstanding protection against spyware and virus programs. http://us.norton.com/antivirus. Loss of service can be very time consuming and costly if a device of your computer does not work such as printer. A solution can be reading the manual you got with the device at purchase, contacting a specialist or maybe opening up the device yourself and trying to solve the issue. The best solution can be contacting the manufacturer of your computer and inform them. Error message dialogue boxes are often displayed when you try to perform a certain operation, there are different types of phrases which show an error message has occurred such as access denied and File not found. Reading trouble shooting guides can help, open user forums, but in a different scenario, if you are using a Microsoft application and it fails to obey your demand, you may come across a send error report dialogue box in which you can actually address Microsoft regarding this issue, I believe this is the best cure if you are experiencing these type of faults with Microsoft. But when experiencing error messages while using windows, I believe this source of information may be able to satisfy a users needs. http://en.kioskea.net/faq/113-windows-error-codes-and-how-to-fix-them P5 and P6: Use different communication routes to provide advice and guidance, respond to end users. Communication is a vital ingredient needed in everyday life, lack of communication can disrupt many people/ organizations in their bid to achieve to their full potential. Communication is a method primarily used to distribute information for a certain purpose whether that can be physically, orally, verbally etc; communication can deliver a users factual material, opinions, theory, predictions through to the public. The most common methods of communicating can be through telephones, email and face to face. Communication can be categorized into three main categories which are telephone, email and face to face: Communication passing through telephone can be known as verbal communication, because as a technician a user is not visible through the telephone but words are still used to communicate with the user. It is easy to distribute information through telephone because a user can hear your advice on how to address a specific issue, but through this process there are many issues that a user and technician can encounter such as connection failure and loss of signal. In some cases communication via telephone will not help due to the user having only some degree of knowledge on how to solve an issue. This therefore concludes that it is best for a technician to tackle the matter themselves. Communication through face to face talking can also be known as verbal communication. This type of communication is a more efficient method of solving an issue than any other because a user can show visually the full extent of the issue. A user can give an in-depth insight regarding the problem through talking face to face. This type of communication enables the technician to gain a visual and physical understanding of the issue e.g. printer not connecting, which then can lead to technician taking away the computer and addressing the subject. Below is an example of a face to face conversation: User: hello Technician Hi, so what is the issue regarding your computer? User: I installed a certain programme on my computer (Microsoft word older version) and it seems to keep freezing every often, it keeps saying not responding Technician: do you use your computer very often if so how long? User: yes I use my computer for all sorts of studies and also my nephews play a lot of computer games on the PC. Technician: first of all if your nephews are playing on the computer, always make sure you close the game windows because this can take up the processing power, memory or maybe even try uninstalling them because they can contain harmful viruses. And also make sure that the software you are using is compatible with your windows. Confirm that your PC holds the minimum requests for the software you are using for example the base score of your computer must exceed the software score, if it barely exceeds the software this may cause your computer software to be erratic, the following link describes the base score for a computer and how to match a specific software you would like to use. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/What-is-the-Windows-Experience-Index User: Thank you very much for your help, I believe if have found the solution to my issue Email communication is a written type of communication which demonstrates an issue through a written document. This type of communication media is very different from the others because the user or technician does not have the benefit of voice modulation nor can the recipient receive any form of visual indication, providing the user with a source of technical information may not be certified to use can be an issue, when emailing a user should always be specific about the issue they are enduring if not then a response from a technician can provide information best suited for a different problem. End users query concerning a fault A technicians reply regarding the fault FAQ Why does my computer freeze overtime? What do i do to clean my system? How often should I clean my system? Why cant i run more than 3 applications at once? Information for technicians reply obtained from http://www.microsoft.com/atwork/maintenance/speed.aspx http://cobweb2.louisville.edu/faculty/regbruce/bruce//mgmtwebs/commun_f98/Verbal.htm http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000528.htm Bottom of Form http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/What-is-the-Windows-Experience-Index

Reason to Quit Smoking Essay -- Tobacco Nicotine Smoking Cigarettes

As many know that the effects on people caused by smoking it crossing the final borders of danger to quit that sickening habit of smoking. Hence if I get a chance to ban anything in the world, it will be smoking. Millions of people around the world enjoy the disgusting habit of smoking. This habit contributes to an outbreak of diseases which brings pain, suffering and death to millions every year. We should end this suffering by prohibiting smoking in all its forms. Smokers, non-smokers, and the environment are all adversely affected by smoking. Smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body. The list of additives allowed in the manufacture of cigarettes consists of 600 possible ingredients. When burned, cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals, with over 40 of them being known carcinogens. Arsenic, carbon monoxide, methanol, cadmium, and hydrogen cyanide are just a few of the ingredients found in today's cigarettes. Some other ingredients include rat poison, lighter fluid, paint stripper, and tar. Studies show that smokers are much more likely to die premature...

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby is a classic American novel, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1927 about corruption, murder and life in the 1920’s. The true purpose for a writer to compose any piece of literature is to entertain the reader, and this writer does this to the best of his ability. In this well-crafted tale, Fitzgerald presents a fast moving, exciting story, and to any typical reader it can be enjoyed; however, if the reader takes the time to analyze his words and truly understand his symbolism used, it can transform this account into a completely different entity. In The Great Gatsby, it is apparent that Fitzgerald uses these symbols to provide representations of what life was like during that time, and to help advance the thematic interests in his novel. According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, symbolism is defined as â€Å"The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationship s,† and the author uses all varieties of symbol’s in the text to coax the reader into the true lives and personalities of the characters. Symbolism often allows the reader to better understand the theme and mood that the author is trying to portray. Fitzgerald uses this to show details that cannot be revealed by words alone. Through symbolism, he allows the reader to refer to other, more tangible aspects of life. Throughout this novel, the types of symbolism vary from object to object, but some of the most notable examples of symbolism include the color green, the overall setting, and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. The use of symbolism throughout this novel not only helps to give the reader insight into the true identities of the characters, but also further accentuates the themes portrayed throughout the novel. One of the more obvious examples of symbolism in this novel is the color green. This is evident from the beginning of the novel, when there is a small, flickering green light across the Manhasset Bay, separating the Manhasset Neck, also known as the East Egg, from the Great Neck, also known as the West Egg. One assumption can be made that the green hue of the light represents the envy that Gatsby has of Tom for being married to Daisy. Gatsby wishes that he was still with Daisy, and this light represents his hopes for... ...ovel, The Great Gatsby. By using specific examples of symbolism, he is enabled to give insight into the characters involved in the events which take place in the story, as well as the events that were taking place during that time period. Fitzgerald made references in this novel that will cause people in years to come to remember the 1920’s for what they truly were, and regardless of if this was his purpose in writing the tale, he will be remembered for this. The novel is awash with symbolism which enhance the themes portrayed in the novel, but a few specific symbols are the color green, the entire setting of the story, and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. All of these symbols help the reader to draw conclusions about the time period, as well as further understand the personalities and attitudes of the characters. By causing the characters to have multi-faceted characteristics and dispositions, Fitzgerald causes the reader to feel like they are involved in the book, whic h leads the reader to become involved in the novel and actually feel like he is one of the characters. Symbolism enhances any piece of literature, but this piece in particular utilized symbolism to flawlessness.

Seminar Report P Soc 5

P SoC A Device Study SEMINAR REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY By JINJU P. K (65232) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology Rajagiri Valley, Cochin – 682 039 2010-2011 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE Certified that the seminar presented titled â€Å" PSoC-A Device Study† is a bonafide report of the seminar done by JINJU. P. K (65232) of eighth semester Electronics and Communication Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication of the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, during the academic year 2010-2011. Project Guide Head of the Department RONI ANTONYASHA PANICKER Internal ExaminerExternal Examiner Place : Kakkanad Date : ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To discover, analyze and to present something new is to venture on an unknown path towards and unexplored destination is an arduous adventure unless one gets a true torchbearer to show the way. I would have never succeeded in completing my task without the cooperation, encouragement and help provided to me by various people. Words are often too less to reveal my deep regards. I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped me through the duration of this project. I acknowledge with gratitude and humility my indebtedness to Mr. Rony Antony , Lecturer, Electronics & Communication Department, RSET, under whose guidance I had the privilege to complete this project. I wish to express my deep gratitude towards him for providing individual guidance and support throughout the project work. I convey my sincere thanks to Asha Paniker , Professor & Head of Electronics & Communication Department, RSET for her encouragement and cooperation. I would also like to thank all staff members and my co-students who were always there at the need of the hour and provided with all the help and facilities, which I required for the completion of my project. My greatest thanks are to all who wished me success especially my parents. Above all I render my gratitude to the Almighty who bestowed self-confidence, ability and strength in me to complete this work for not letting me down at the time of crisis and showing me the silver lining in the dark clouds. ABSTRACT With a unique array of configurable digital and analog blocks, the Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) is a true system-levelsolution, offering a modern method of signal acquisition, processing, and control with exceptional accuracy, high bandwidth,and superior flexibility. Its analog capability spans the range from thermocouples (DC voltages) to ultrasonic signals. Designerscan easily create systemlevel designs, using a rich library of prebuilt components, or custom verilog, and a schematic entry tool that uses the standard design blocks. This seminar is based on the analog , digital , program and debug subsystems ofPsoC 5 device. . CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION02 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM03 3. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION04 4. 1 IR TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 04 4. 2 IR SENSOR CIRCUITRY07 4. 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS15 4. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION17 5. 4 MPELAB IDE17 . 5 PROGRAM25 5. PCB DESIGN28 5. 1 PCB SCHEMATIC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 5. 2 PCB BOARD†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 6. RESULS & CONCLUSION31 7. REFERENCES32 APPENDIX 1. INTRODUCTION With a unique array of configurable digital and analog blocks, the Programmable System-on-Chip is a true systemlevel solution, offering a modern method of signal acquisition, processing, and control with exceptional accuracy, high bandwidth, and superior flexibility. Its analog capability spans the range from thermocouples (DC voltages) to ultrasonic signals. PSoC 5 (CY8C55xxx, CY8C54xxx, CY8C53xxx, CY8C52xxx) families are fully scalable 8-bit and 32-bit PSoC platform devices that share these characteristics:  ¦ Fully pin, peripheral compatible  ¦ Same integrated development environment software  ¦ High performance, configurable digital system that supports a wide range of communication interfaces, such as USB, I2C, and CAN  ¦ High precision, high performance analog system with up to 20-bit ADC, DACs, comparators, opamps, and programmable blocks to create PGAs, TIAs, mixers, etc.  ¦ Easily configurable logic array  ¦ Flexible routing to all pins  ¦ High performance, 8-bit single-cycle 8051 (PSoC 3) or 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 (PSoC 5) core . 1 OBJECTIVE * 8051 or Cortex-M3 Central Processing Unit (CPU) with a nested vectored interrupt controller and a high performance DMA controller * Several types of memory elements including SRAM, flash, and EEPROM * System integration features, such as clocking, a featurerich power system, and versatile programmable inputs and outpu ts 2. TOP LEVEL ARCHITECTURE 2. 1 CPU SYSTEM 2. 1. 1 PROCESSOR The PSoC 5 CPU subsystem is built around a 32-bit three stage pipelined ARM Cortex-M3 processor running up to 80 MHz. The PSoC 5 instruction set is the same as the Thumb-2 instruction set available on standard Cortex- M3 devices. Three stage pipelining operating at 1. 25 DMIPS/MHz. This helps to increase execution speed or reduce power. * Supports Thumb-2 instruction set: * The Thumb-2 instruction set supports complex operations with both 16- and 32-bit instructions * Atomic bit level read and write instructions * Support for unaligned memory access * Improved code density, ensuring efficient use of memory. * Easy to use, ease of programmability and debugging: * Ensures easier migration from 8- and 16-bit processors * Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) unit to support interrupts and exceptions: * Helps to achieve rapid interrupt response Extensive debug support including: * Serial Wire Debug Port (SWD-DP), Serial Wire JTAG Debug Port (SWJ-DP) ? Break points ? Flash patch ? Instruction tracing ? Code tracing 2. 1. 2 INTERRUPT CONTROLLER The CPU subsystem includes a programmable Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC), DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller, Flash cache ECC, and RAM. The NVIC of bot h PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 devices provides low latency by allowing the CPU to vector directly to the first address of the interrupt service routine, bypassing the jump instruction required by other architectures. The PSoC 5 interrupt controller also offers a few advanced nterrupt management capabilities, such as interrupt tail chaining to improve stack management with multiple pending interrupts providing lower latency. Supports 32 interrupt lines * Programmable interrupt vector * Configurable priority levels from 0 to 7 * Support for dynamic change of priority levels * Support for individual enable/ disable of each interrupt * Nesting of interrupts * Multiple sources for each interrupt line (can be either fixed function, UDB, or from DMA) * Supports both level trigger and pulse trigger * Tail chaining, late arrivals and exceptions are supported in PSoC ® 5 devices 2. 1. DMA CONTROLLER The DMA controller allows peripherals to exchange data without CPU involvement. This allows the CPU to run slower, save power, or use its cycles to improve the performance of firmware algorithms. * Uses the PHUB for data transfer * Includes 24 DMA channels * Includes 128 transaction descriptors (TD) * Eight levels of priority per channel * Transactions can be stalled or canceled * Each transaction can be from 1 to 64 KB * Large transactions can be broken into smaller bursts of 1 to 127 bytes. * Each channel can be configured to generate an interrupt at the end of transfer 2. 1. 4 CACHE CONTROLLER In PSoC 5 devices, the flash cache also reduces system power consumption by reducing the frequency with which flash is accessed. The processor speed itself is configurable allowing for active power consumption tuned for specific applications. * Instruction cache * Direct mapped * 128 bytes total cache memory * Registers for measuring cache hit/miss ratios * Error correction code (ECC) support * Error logging and interrupt generation * Designed to put flash into sleep automatically to save power 2. 2 MEMORY The PSoC nonvolatile subsystem consists of Flash, bytewritable EEPROM, and nonvolatile configuration options. The CPU can reprogram individual blocks of Flash, enabling boot loaders. An Error Correcting Code (ECC) can enable high reliability applications. A powerful and flexible protection model allows the user to selectively lock blocks of memory for read and write protection, securing sensitive information. The byte-writable EEPROM is available on-chip for the storage of application data. Additionally, selected configuration options, such as boot speed and pin drive mode, are stored in nonvolatile memory, allowing settings to become active immediately after power on reset (POR). 2. 2. 3 NON VOLATILE LATCH A Nonvolatile Latch (NVL or NV latch) is an array of programmable, nonvolatile memory elements whose outputs are stable at low voltage. It is used to configure the device at Power on Reset. Each bit in the array consists of a volatile latch paired with a nonvolatile cell. On POR release nonvolatile cell outputs are loaded to volatile latches and the volatile latch drives the output of the NVL. FEATURES * A 4Ãâ€"8-bit NV latch for device configuration * A 4Ãâ€"8-bit Write Once NV latch for device security 2. 2. 4 SRAM PSoC ® 3 and PSoC ® 5 devices include on-chip SRAM. These families offer devices that range from 2 to 64 kilobytes. PSoC 3 devices offer an additional 4 kilobytes as a trace buffer. * Organized as up to three blocks of 4 KB each, including the 4 KB trace buffer, for CY8C38 family. * Organized as up to 16 blocks of 4 KB each, for CY8C55 family. * Code can be executed out of portions of SRAM, for CY8C55 family. * 8-, 16-, or 32-bit accesses. In PSoC 3 devices the CPU has 8-bit direct access to SRAM. * Zero wait state accesses. * Arbitration of SRAM accesses by the CPU and the DMA controller. * Different blocks can be accessed simultaneously by the CPU and the DMA controller. 2. 2. 5 FLASH PROGAMMING MEMORY PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 include on-chip Flash memory. These two families offer devices that range from 16 to 256 kilobytes. Additional Flash is available for either error correction bytes or data storage. PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 Flash memory have the following features: * Organized in rows, where each row contains 256 data bytes plus 32 bytes for either error correcting codes (ECC) or data storage. * For PSoC 3 architecture: CY8C38 Family, organized as one block of 64, 128, or 256 rows. * For PSoC 5 architecture: CY8C55 Family, organized as either one block of 128 or 256 rows, or as multiple blocks of 256 rows each. Stores CPU program and bulk or nonvolatile data * For PSoC 5 architecture: CY8C55 Family, 8-, 16-, or 32-bit read accesses. PSoC 3 architecture has only 8-bit direct access. 2. 2. 6 EEPROM PSoC 3 and PSoC ®5 devices have on-chip EEPROM memory. These two families offer devices that range from 512 bytes to 2 kilobytes. * PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 EEPROM memory have the following features: * Organized in rows, where each row contains 16 bytes * Organized as one block of 32, 64, or 128 rows, depending on the device * Stores nonvolatile data * Write and erase using SPC commands Byte read access by CPU or DMA using the PHUB * Programmable with a simple command/status register interface EEPROM memory provides nonvolatile storage for user data. EEPROM write and erase operation is done using SPC commands. It may be read by both the CPU and the DMA controller, using the PHUB. All read accesses are 8-bit. 2. 2. 7 EMIF PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 architectures provide an external memory interface (EMIF) for connecting to external memory devices and peripheral devices. The connection allows read and write access to the devices. The EMIF operates in conjunction withUDBs, I/O ports, and other PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 components to generate the necessary address, data, and control signals. The EMIF does not intercept address data between the PHUB and the I/O ports. It only generates the required control signals to latch the address and data at the ports. The EMIF generates a clock to run external synchronous and asynchronous memories. It can generate four different clock frequencies, which are the bus clock divided by 1, 2, 3, or 4. The EMIF supports four types of external memory: synchronous SRAM, asynchronous SRAM, cellular RAM/PSRAM, and NOR Flash. External memory can be accessed via the 8051 xdata space or the ARM Cortex-M3 external RAM space; up to 24 address bits can be used. The memory can be 8 or 16 bits wide. 2. 3 SYSTEM WIDE RESOURCES 2. 3. 1 CLOCKING SYSTEM The clock system has these: * Four internal clock sources increase system integration: * 3 to 67 MHz Internal Main Oscillator (IMO)  ±1% at 3 MHz * 1 kHz, 33 kHz, 100 kHz Internal Low Speed Oscillator (ILO) outputs * 12 to 67 MHz clock doubler output, sourced from IMO, MHz External Crystal Oscillator (MHzECO), and Digital System * Interconnect (DSI) 24 to 67 MHz fractional Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) sourced from IMO, MHzECO, and DSI * DSI signal from an external I/O pin or other logic as well as a clock source * Two external clock sources provide high precision clocks: * 4 to 33 MHz External Crystal Oscillator (MHzECO) * 32. 768 kHz External Crystal Oscillator (kHzECO) for Real Time Clock (RTC) * Dedicated 16-bit divider for bus clock Eight individually sourced 16-bit clock dividers for the digital system peripherals * Four individually sourced 16-bit clock dividers for the analog system peripherals * IMO has a USB mode that auto locks to the USB bus clock, requiring no external crystal for USB. (USB equipped parts only) 2. 3. 2 POWER SUPPLY AND MONITORING PSoC 3 and PSoC 5 devices have separate external analog and digital supply pins, labeled respectively Vdda and Vddd. The devices have two internal 1. 8V regulators that provide the digital (Vccd) and analog (Vcca) supplies for the internal core logic. The output pins of the regulators (Vccd and Vcca) have very specific capacitor requirements that are listed in the datasheet. These regulators are available: * Analog regulator for the analog domain supply * Digital regulator for the digital domain supply * Sleep regulator for the sleep domain * I2C regulator for powering the I2C logic * Hibernate regulator for supplying keep alive power for state retention during hibernate 2. 3. 3 WATCH DOG TIMER The Watchdog Timer (WDT) circuit automatically reboots the system in the event of an unexpected execution path. This timer must be serviced periodically. If not, the CPU resets after a specified period of time. Once the WDT is enabled it cannot be disabled except during a reset event. This is done to prevent any errant code from disabling the WDT reset function. To use the WDT function, the user is required to enable the WDT function during their startup code. The WDT has the following features: * Protection settings to prevent accidental corruption of the WDT * Optionally-protected servicing (feeding) of the WDT * A configurable low power mode to reduce servicing requirements during sleep mode * A status bit for the watchdog event that shows the status even after a watchdog reset 2. . 4RESET POWER ON RESET Power on Reset (POR) is provided primarily for a system reset at power up. The IPOR will hold the device in reset until all four voltages; Vdda, Vcca, Vddd, Vccd, are to datasheet specification. The POR activates automatically at power up and consists of: An imprecise POR (IPOR) – is used to keep the device in reset during i nitial power up of the device until the POR can be activated A precision POR (PRES) – derived from a circuit calibrated for a very accurate location of the POR trip point. The power on RESET clears all the reset status registers WATCHDOG RESET Watchdog Reset (WRES) detects errant code by causing a reset if the watchdog timer is not cleared within the userspecified time limit. The user must always set the WRES initialization code. This was done to allow the user to dynamically choose whether or not to enable the watchdog timer SOFTWARE INITIATED RESET Software Initiated Reset (SRES) is a mechanism that allows a software-driven reset. The RESET_CR2 register forces a device reset when a 1 is written into bit 0. This setting can be made by firmware or with a DMA. The RESET_SR0 [5] status bit becomes set on the occurrence f a software reset. This bit remains set until cleared by the user or until a POR reset. EXTERNAL RESET External Reset (XRES_N) is a user-supplied reset that causes immediate system reset when asserted. XRES_N is available on a dedicated pin on some devices, as well as a shared GPIO pin P1[2] on all devices. The shared pin is available through a customer-programmed NV Latch setting and supports low pin count p arts that don't have a dedicated XRES_N pin. This path is typically configured during the boot phase immediately after power up. 3. CONCLUSION

The Progressive Movement

Progressivism implies a school of thought that welcomes innovations and put rights in the governmental, economical, and loving order. The modern movement, 1901 to 1917, was lastly the triumph of conservatism rather than a victory for liberalism. In a widely distri exactlyed sense, the ultra conservativist goals of this cessation justified the full(a) reforms enacted by forward leaders. Deviating from the traditional translation of conservatism (a resistance to change and a dis gravel of hostility to innovations in the governmental, affable, and economic order), the Progressivism MovementProgressivism implies a doctrine which welcomes innovations and reforms in the political, economic, and brotherly order. The reform-minded movement, 1901 to 1917, was finally the triumph of conservatism Conservatist triumph was in the sense that thither was an effort to maintain elemental companionable and economic relations vital to a capitalist society. The forward leaders e ssentially wanted to perpetuate Liberal reform in order to bring upon full general conservatism. Expansion of the federal government s powers, rivalry and economic distribution of wealth, and the social welfare of American citizens concerned the umpteen leaders of this era.The billet influence on authorities was quite significant of the Progressive date of reference. Not Progressivism Movement Progressivism implies a philosophy which welcomes innovations and reforms in the political, economic, and social order. The Progressive movement, 1901 to 1917, was ultimately the triumph of conservatism rather solo did the three leading Progressive political figures, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, bring upon new heights to government regulation, but also the great business leaders of this era defined the units of political intervention.With political capitalism rising to fame, Progressive politics experienced new themes and areas. The inevitableness of federal regulation policies, refo rmation of social welfare, preservation, and various innovations with banking led to angiotensin converting enzyme fusty effort the preservation of existing powers and economic/social relations. The political leaders of Progressivism ProgressivismThe occlusive of beat among the Spanish-American fight and origi country War I is known as the Progressive Era. It was a period tag by idealism, reform, his ear were conservative in that they all believed in the fundamentals of basic capitalism. The various forms of anti-trust legislation presented by for each one president do the nation one step closer to providing a stable, predictable, and secure, therefore, conservative capitalist society. Theodore Roosevelt s statist tendencies brought new means to government regulation. Roosevelt s Anti-Trust policy of 1902 pledge government intervention to break up illegal monopolies and regulate corporations for the public good. Roosevelt mat up that bad Progressivism U. S.History Prog ressivism trusts threatened competition and markets. in order to restore free competition, prexy Roosevelt ordered the Justice department to summon corporations pursing monopolistic practices. However, the Judicial Branch repudiated its job (right of reason) and now, even if the impact of the market was non harmful, actions that restrained or monopolized trade would mechanically put a firm in violation of the Sherman law. In 1902, the United mine Workers were willing to submit to arbitrement, but the burn operators adamantly opposed Progressivism 2Progressivism The period of time surrounded by the Spanish-American War and human beings War I is known as the Progressive Era. It was a period marked by idealism, reform, and significant any recognition of the sodality. Thus, the union members decided to strike over wages, safe conditions, and union recognition. The Anthracite Coal disclose of 1902 ended with the bring upment by Roosevelt of an arbitration commission to rule on the issues. care men did non regard politics (government regulation) as a necessary evil, but as an important part of their position in society.Roosevelt did not see grown business as evil, but a permanent development that was necessary in a modern Desertion And rule out For Progressivism Desertion and Decline for Progressivism The decade of the mid-twenties discouraged the reform-minded movement. It was a period that had an extraordinary reaction against idealism and reform. The economy. Roosevelt couldn t rely on the courts to distinguish between good or bad trusts. The besides solution was for the executive to assume that responsibility. Roosevelt s ingenious square dealings and gentlemen s agreements controlled many firms.In 1903, a new locker position was created to address the concerns of business and bray (Department of Commerce and Labor). Within the department, the Bureau of Corporations was charge to investigate and report The Progressive Era 2 THE PROGRESSIV E ERA ROOSEVELT AND WILSON The liberal Era began in 1900. It came to a jam in 1917 due to Americas entrance into World War 1. During this time, on illegal activities of corporations. The do by of economic power by railroads proposed some other problem for Roosevelt.However, in 1903, the Elkins human action authorize the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission, first American federal regulatory agency) to act against discriminatory rebates. Also, in 1906, the Hepburn ferment increased the ICC membership from 5 to seven. The ICC could set its own fair load rates, had its regulatory pwer extended over pipelines, bridges, and bring companies, and was empowered to require a Progressivism opposing Viewpoints Progressivism oppose Viewpoints At the commencement of the twentieth century, a period referred to as progressivism move through America.Precisely, this era in American history began soon after equivalent system of accounting by regulate transportation companies. Besides e conomic relations, Roosevelt problematical himself in many important conservative social relations. The Secretary of treasury created an follow-up organization to certify that cattle for exportation were free of disease. With disappointing results, Germany and other European countries banned the importation of American meant. federal official regulation helped improve exports to Europe, free competition, another(prenominal) conservative effort.In 1906, the Meat Inspection Act provided for federal and sanitary regulations and inspections in Progressivism Opposing Viewpoints Progressivism Opposing Viewpoints At the commencement of the twentieth century, a period referred to as progressivism sweep through America. Precisely, this era in American history began soon after the Spanish-American meant backpacking facilities. Also, the Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of adulterated tagged foods and drugs in accordance with consumer demands. R oosevelt assed many conservation laws from 1902 to 1908 to create federal irrigation projects, national park and forests, develop water power, and establish the land Conservation Commission to oversee the nation s resources. Taft, hand picked by Theodore Roosevelt, had cardinal primary political goals in 1909. unmatched was the continuation of Roosevelt Progressive Movement Of 1918 1918 The Progressive Movement Progressive Education assumes the orbit changes, and that in a universe that is not particularly concerned with ability to depend straight Rychard Fink trust-busting, and the other was the rapprochement of the old guard conservatives and young progressive reformers in the republican Party. Taft, being an anti-statist, was a poor progressive politician. Instead of the confirmative outlook toward big business and competition resembling Roosevelt, Taft was an advocate of minimum governmental regulation. However, in perusing anti-monopoly law enforcement, Taft and his Att orney full general George Wichersham brought44 indictments in anti-trust suites. Taft was victoryful in mend the Republican split between conservatives and progressives Theodore Roosevelt and ProgressivismDespite the chiding of their reform efforts, Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilsons commitment to and success in achieving national reform made them successful progressive presidents. There hasnt yet been over such issues as tariff reform, conservation, and the almost dictatorial pwer held by Republican Speaker of the House, Joseph Cannon. Taft s inability to bring both wings of the party together led to the hardened segment which would bring about a popular victory in the 1912 elections.In 1910, Republican progressives united with Democrats to strip Speaker Cannon of his pwer to appoint the Committee on Rules and serve on it himself. Although critical of Cannon, Taft failed Progressism Vs. Populism Americans were not aware of the office among populists and prog ressivists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, yet they were aware of the division between Democrats and Republicans. to align himself with the progressives. Also, another event button the greater split in the Republican