Knowledge and Emotion Essay

Emotion plays a big role in gaining knowledge even though when we do not realize it. Therefore, I agree with the quote, â€Å"There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours.† by Arnold Bennett, an English novelist. First of all, with the part, â€Å"There can be no knowledge without emotion1†, it can be proved by our experience. For example, we know about plate tectonics but until you feel it, you can’t have knowledge. Earthquakes prove that the plate tectonics are moving towards each other, away from each other or slide past each other. Since I live in Japan, earthquakes can be felt often and I have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area with lots of earthquakes. Also, for example, we can prove that we have knowledge from genes. Sometimes, I feel that I have the same characteristic as my mother when I am talking to my pets. I talk with them in a softer voice than when we talk to other people. Also, my mother’s family loves animals and I was also brought up with an animal always beside me. Finally I can also see evidence from learning physics. I learned that the energy is transferred into other energies. Before, I wondered why bouncy balls bounced lower each time. When I learned about the energies, I gained the knowledge that the potential energy was transferred into heat, sound and other energies. From gaining these truths and experiencing it, it gives us knowledge of what it is like. By experiencing these things, it influences our emotion and gives us the knowledge. Though some people disagree that knowledge can be gained without emotion, I argue that the statement is not true. Though when you learn something, until you have realized what it is and accepted the information, then it is not knowledge. We have to know the information to gain the knowledge so to gain the knowledge we have to experience it. For example, I know the truth that floods occur and the consequences as well as the effects of it but since I have not experienced it before, I do not have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area, which flooded. Furthermore, by learning biology, I know that there are diseases such as thrombosis, a blood clotting disease but since I have not experienced it I do not what it feels like to have thrombosis. As a result, I do not yet have the knowledge. Knowledge can be gained by other ways of knowing such as reason, sense perception and language. Though I agree with this, I think these all involve the ways of knowing of emotion. When we have a reason to gain knowledge, we gain the knowledge by realizing it and experiencing it. When we gain knowledge by sense perception it is done by experiencing something and realizing what is going on in our surroundings. Finally for language, we are experiencing it since we are talking or listening to the language. Since all these involve the action of experiencing, it all involves emotion. If someone did things unconsciously, I wonder if they can get knowledge. People who sleepwalk have been seen eating, dressing, driving cars, and many other things. Their brain is not fully shut down. Sleepwalking occurs before they are in the state of rapid eye movement, or the moment they are dreaming.2 They have their eyes open to recognize their surroundings. Therefore, I think they are using their sense perception when they are sleepwalking. Though they may not remember it when they wake up and get confused but I think their brain remembers it since the brain is not fully shut when people sleepwalk. Therefore knowledge is gained from experiencing things even if they are sleepwalking which is done unconsciously. Reflexes are also done unconsciously. They are done because we have the knowledge of what to do best to have the least damage to ourselves. That is why we pull our hands back when we touch something hot to reduce the possibility of burning our hand. We try to reduce it because we have the knowledge of what is going to happen if we do not. If we do not take our hand back, we know we are going to burn our hand and feel the pain. When I wake up, I have the reflex of stopping the alarm clock because I have the knowledge that I have to wake up to go to school. This reflex was done because I had the emotion that I did not want to go to school since I had to wake up at six o’clock in the morning. Therefore as a conclusion, I agree to an extent with the quote by an English novelist, Arnold Bennett of â€Å"There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours.† Emotion is connected to the other ways of knowing and everything we do in our lives. Experiencing things give knowledge to us which gives us emotion whether we do things consciously or unconsciously.

Case Study Panera Bread Essay

Synopsis Panera Bread is a casual made-to-order fast food restaurant that offers specialty breads, sandwiches, tossed salads and soups. Established in 1981, with 1,562 company owned and franchised locations, Panera Bread has moved into the forefront of the restaurant business, and has strategically penetrated the market while acquiring a robust amount of loyal customers. Most of the restaurants offer the choice of indoor and outdoor dining. A fireplace inside the restaurant is appealing to many customers during the winter months, of whom are looking for a hot cup of coffee and a place to read their newspaper or book. Coffee, tea, and soda are offered with free refills, and water with lemons is complementary. Indoor tables, free refills, and comfortable tables/chairs make Panera Breads establishment a functional study place for college kids. Every restaurant is well staged with elegant displays of their specialty baked products, making it nearly impossible not to indulge. This fast growing res taurant has maintained a competitive edge due to their appealing interior design, neutral dining environment, fresh baked goods, fresh coffee and tea, made-to-order foods with possible drive-through capabilities, customer rewards card, tables equipped with electrical outlets, and efficient service. Panera Bread establishments, undoubtedly, offer an experience that can only occur at Panera Bread. Resources Panera Bread has a driving concept to provide a premium specialty bakery and cafà © experience to urban workers and suburban dwellers. Attractive & appealing menu Nationwide leader in the bakery-cafà © segment High ratings in customer satisfaction studies Good brand name Fresh dough operations & sales to franchised stores Initial success in catering Good franchisees – higher sales in franchised stores compared to company-owned Financial strength of the company – able to grow without taking on too much debt Capabilities Panera bread offers an upscale fast casual dining experience. Panera operates in three business segments: company owned bakery-cafà © operations, franchise operations, fresh dough operations. Every restaurant is well staged with elegant displays of their specialty baked products, making it nearly impossible not to indulge. This fast growing restaurant has maintained a competitive edge due to their appealing interior design, neutral dining environment, fresh baked goods, fresh coffee and tea, made-to-order foods with possible drive-through capabilities, customer rewards card, tables equipped with electrical outlets, and efficient service. Core Competencies Panera has created a casual but comfortable place where customers could eat freshly baked sandwiches, soups and salads without worrying about whether or not it is nutritious. The company is designed to visually reinforce the distinctive difference between its bakery-cafes and those of its competitors. Management of corporate and franchise growth, as well a deep sense of community involvement and the desire to give back to community, further solidify Panera’s placement as something different in today marketplace. Panera’s deep sense community can be seen as Panera gives away leftover bread to homeless shelters and collects money for other charitable causes such as the Operation Dough-Nation program. Finding of Fact #1 The Panera Bread Company does not have an aggressive marketing strategy and aims to let customers discover Panera on their own. Panera’s service is not as fast as other fast-food companies and charges higher prices. Panera has higher prices than rivals, which could be due to their operating costs. Panera has expanded in the past years but the locations are concentrated geographically. Recommedation#1 Panera has opportunities to continue their success in the fast casual industry. They can try to control operating costs that might be out of hand or unnecessary. The company should consider expanding into new markets and  expanding geographically, even internationally. Products can continually be made based on current food trends. The peak hours at Panera are breakfast and lunch, efforts could be made to attract a larger dinnertime rush. I think that they should apply dinner specials so that more customers come in during that time; this would be to increase sales during dinner times. Another idea is for online ordering, for the customers on the go. This way they can have a higher turnover rate when it comes to waiting in lines. Finding of Fact #2 Panera Bread operating cost is too high. Recommendation #2 Another thing that I would recommend Panera do, instead of making their dough at bakeries, Panera makes their dough at their stores. This could eliminate the middleman, and possibly eliminating excess materials in the process (including a reduction in transportation costs). This could potentially help their bottom line. Making low operating costs for a fast casual industry will prove successful. In an industry that has easy substitutes it is important to cut down overhead prices to make the most from your sales. Integrating vertically could cut operating costs making profit increase. Finding of Fact #3 Panera Bread management needs to strengthen the company’s competitive position. Recommendation #3 I recommend that the company focus on location to help increase their competitive position. It is a key success factor. Most consumers at a fast casual restaurant will be middle or upper class. It is important to locate these restaurants near demographic areas where many middle or upper class people can access the business. Many fast casual restaurants try to create a third place. The location of this restaurant is important because it should be placed in a central location where other commodities are surrounding it. To stay profitable in the highly competitive restaurant industry, Panera  regularly reviews and revises their menu to sustain the interest of regular customers, satisfy changing customer preferences, and be responsive to various seasons of the year. Panera develops an advantage in changing their menu over competitors such as McDonald’s and Subway who do not change their menu frequently and customers often lose interest in their menu offerings. Works Cited Wheelen, Thomas L. and J. David Hunger. Strategic Management and Business Policy Toward Global Sustainablity. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2012.

MHE512 Disaster Relief Module 3 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MHE512 Disaster Relief Module 3 SLP - Essay Example To provide immediate answer to the basic needs of the victims regardless of the calamity or tragedy that has occurred: it is very important that relief providers know the basic needs and have the proper resources they need to be able to give to the victims of calamity and tragedies. To find the best providers of resources that could assist the relief and recover officials that allow the chance to give provisions that are needed by the victims: where to find the resources to be given for the needs of the victims of calamities and tragedies This is a practical question that is aimed to be answered through this system of relief and recovery process being suggested. It could be noted that through this particular consideration, the relief providers would have a better chance of pursuing the relief services directly without hindrance of having no source for the needed relief goods for distribution. To find a more effective process of servicing the victims of the tragedies and calamities with a more effective chain of command that would involve all the institutions that are enjoined within the process of assisting people who were made vulnerable because of the tragedies and calamities that occurred in their lives. Utilizing the different institutions and organizations present in the society for the benefits of the greater number of people who need help. To create a partnership among institutions that could help towa... Goals: The main goal of this proposal is to set a reasonable process that would be workable for many concerned administrators when it comes to providing aid to the victims of tragedies and calamite as well as other unfortunate events that occur every now and then. To create the said reasonable process, establishing partnerships among institutions that are present in the communities in concern is given practical attention to. 2Likely, the idea is to make every organization concerned in helping people survive the recovery that they need to move on from the different misfortunes that they have experienced in the past because of tragedies and calamities that they have surpassed. Communication: To establish a fine process of communicating between the partners that are supposed to work together for a single cause, the need to find better ways to link the institutions together is essential. It could not be denied that the ample provision of help and guidance for these partnered institutions is indeed a huge consideration to be given proper attention to by the concerned administrators of the system. 3The communication, to be effective, need to be technologically aided with accuracy and guidance which would give chances to the perpetrators of relief operations have a practical sense of urgency once the communication notices reaches them. Command Structure: The success of the entire procedure is dependent on how much the people involved are able to cooperate with each other. With the different institutional partners involved, it is essential that the process of overseeing the relief operations should flow within a practical sense of command. Agreement between the

Lasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lasting - Essay Example â€Å"Lost Your Head Blues† is a blues song popularized by Bessie Smith in 1926. It is composed in an AAB format, characteristic for blues songs. This song is written based on a â€Å"vaudeville† or solo stage performance, which is very common during the 1920s. The songs talks about painful relationships and difficult circumstances. The song reflects the typical musical taste and genre of the African American population and heritage. â€Å"Lost Your Head Blues† uses only three instruments: piano, vocals, and trumpet. Most blues songs are composed or played using these musical instruments because during the vaudeville times or stage style blues period, these instruments are nearly ubiquitous because of the rise of the ragtime music in the 1920s. The song starts with an introduction of a trumpet with an accompanying piano that combines with the singer’s voice. The trumpet makes some bending of tones and melodic layback. On the other hand, â€Å"Erlkonig† is typically sung or played using vocals or piano or both as it was originally adapted, particularly by Franz Schubert. Nevertheless, nowadays, this song is performed in a concerto-style performance with a soloist, usually a soprano, accompanied by a symphony

Do the right thing Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Do the right thing - Movie Review Example This provides a petition to Sal as a kin man (Ebert, 1989). Right from the begin Sal is depicted as a hard working, kind, and dedicated individual (Ebert, 1989). Just the reality that he owns his own commerce in this bumpy and harsh epoch shows that he is a tidy, competent, and enthusiastic man. Later in the film we learn that Sal did in actuality build his pizzeria by himself from the floor up. The verity that Sal gets to split his creation and solid work with his sons crafts it all the extra unique to him (Ebert, 1989). After Sal has ended his pre-opening arrangements, Sal's Pizzeria is open for the daylight hours. Shortly after this, the major character of the movie, Mookie, comes promenaded into the bistro (Ebert, 1989). Mookie facility is as the liberation man for Sal in this film. Mookie accurately delivers pizza, yes, but he as well acts as an intermediary between the two ethnicities (Ebert, 1989). Sal relies on Mookie not merely to get the pizzas transported, but to as well a s to keep his associate black folks pleased with Sal so they will approach and support his bistro. I think that this shows an extremely appealing elevation of Sal (Ebert, 1989). It for the predominantly part trade in him off as a chauvinistic (Ebert, 1989). On one, allot, he can put on a happy visage and make the acquaintance of all the black populace as they crust their hard earned cash out to him for his pizza, whereas on the other dispense, he turns into an extremist, hating the majority of black people and discussing behind their back even as they are not approximately (Ebert, 1989). Now I say most black populace because Sal appears to have this father-son bond departing on amid him and Mookie where Sal is the white dad and Mookie the black lad who in the conclusion finally mutineers like all siblings do at some instance in their life (Ebert, 1989). In addition, Sal appears to have various kind of liking or love for Mookie's sister, Jade (Ebert, 1989). Whilst she comes in the pi zza parlor Sal persist to be made some remarkable wedges of pizza (Ebert, 1989). He then plunges what he is doing to go take a seat and stopover with her. This may prompt one to inquire them if Sal is a chauvinistic then why does Sal own a bistro in the hub of black vicinity (Ebert, 1989). Well as Sal explains to Pino early on the movie it is solely commerce. Sal recognizes that he is not competent to compete with the massive restaurant manacles, so he must journey to someone else's lawn to formulate a go of it (Ebert, 1989). A scary, conventional idea voiced more and again in the movie is that everyone is safest in their "own" vicinity and that it is most excellent if we stay put with the populace like ourselves (Ebert, 1989). Now this does not appear to grasp true for Sal and his pizzeria at foremost (Ebert, 1989). Just gaze at the particulars, he has been in this vicinity for not less than 15 to 20 years with no tribulations that we are made conscious about (Ebert, 1989). Percept ibly he must be creating a profit or he would have closed days ago. The way I observe it is that the major predicament with Sal this time is that he is not in the commerce for the love of it any longer, he is in it for the money (Ebert, 1989). Subsequent to all of these days while making pizza he has misplaced some of the blaze that always got him living (Ebert, 1989). I would be eager to stake that when Sal first unlocked up his pizza cooperative he was ostensibly friendly to all the populace, including the black populace, which came into his

The Life Cycles of Failed Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life Cycles of Failed Projects - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the aforementioned article was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. According to the article, it is rare for an IT project to experience failure all at once. To be precise, the author of the article says that failure in IT projects starts in a particular project segment and then escalates over time.This study highlights that  as the project development time goes on, the definition of success of an IT goes starts becoming prone to mutation. In essence, it is during this time that failure of an IT project slowly becomes open to the development team or other project stakeholders. As the authors put it, â€Å"deadlines gets pushed back and budgets increase†. In other words these two factors are some key signs of failure in an IT project.  Pushing back of the project development has proved to be a key sign of failure. The article states that most the IT projects start ahead of schedule. In fact, others have had to start three years ahead of schedule. Another constraint is that of changes in budget where in most cases the project budget has had to be increased. These two features have been very critical to the failure of IT project.  In order to provide a clear view of the evolution of most IT projects towards failure, this article has laid shed light on The U.S. Air Forces Expeditionary Combat Support System. The authors have reconstructed the budget and deadline history of the system to aid in providing a bird’s eye of the aforementioned failures.  

CHANEL - Brand Equity, Brand Positioning, Brand strategy Essay

CHANEL - Brand Equity, Brand Positioning, Brand strategy - Essay Example Even if they are somehow surviving, that is not because of what they are but because of what they were. They are â€Å"Too Big to fail† but not good enough to succeed, move forward and grow. One cannot completely blame these brands, their marketing managers, and owners for their failure. In the last few decades, the world changed in such unexpected and ruthless way that nobody got a second chance. Moreover, in the name of globalization, increased competition and customer awareness and empowerment, life became even more troublesome for these oldies. However, there are still some brands that were able to absorb all these shocks, maintain their integrity, respect and dignity, outclassed their competitors and are still very much captivating and appealing (Koda, Bolton & Garelick, 2005). They have become symbols of class, respect, honor, and success. However, the question here is what made these brands so great that when their competitors where winding up their businesses, they were still on the road of growth? What has been their magic formula that has been strengthening them over the period? What branding strategies have kept their brand alive and intact? This paper would move further by narrowing its focus to one of the brands that fulfill the above-mentioned criteria of long historical presence and everlasting brand power. Without any doubts, Chanel fulfills these criteria qui te comfortably. Quite understandably, Chanel enjoys immense brand equity in the market and that is why it has been so successful over the past decades. According to marketing experts, there are many reasons for the same. Firstly, the long and eventful history of Chanel provides it an edge over others and contributes to its equity. Previous records of accomplishment, past history and previous customer experiences play a crucial role in branding. This is because one of the most important roles of branding is to help customers to assign responsibility to the

Personal Perceptions of American Revolution Essay

Personal Perceptions of American Revolution - Essay Example Going further back in history, I am now able to view the European colonization of the Western Hemisphere as inclusive of invasion, conquest, and genocide. I now look back with embarrassment about constitutional settlements that protected trade in slaves, committed government to helping slave catchers, and gave extra votes in Congress to slave owners. The moral perceptions  that underpin those reappraisals oblige us to go further. In other words, it made me realize that there is good reason to question whether the American Revolution --the British colonies' fight for freedom from the Crown--was morally justifiable. At the beginning of the course I thought of the revolution in transatlantic terms, springing forth as a result of colonial domination. The initial perception was that the colonists were taxed without due representation in Parliament, their endeavor to gain autonomy promptly suppressed by the Crown, their reluctance to act subservient to unresponsive masters leading, justi fiably, to the sweeping revolution. It is not that these initial conceptions were disproved during the course, but some of them were rectified. There is some veracity to the standard version of the War of Independence, for the colonists had genuine grievances against the British Monarchy. But, as I learned during the course, this version either colors or ignores certain obvious facts. Take say the plight of oppressed groups long inhabiting the vast North American landscape. Their voice was totally unrepresented in the discourse related to the revolution. According to the doctrinaire version of the revolution, the colonists were regarded as the primary victims of injustice. This is blatantly false, because the principal victims were the colored people, including Native Americans, whose generosity and hospitality were grossly abused by the European settlers. Contrary to the belief that European Americans have been all too willing to accept, European emigres came to inhabited territory in North America. Native Americans were populous and many dwelt in stable and structured communities. They had cleared land on the eastern seaboard and cultivated vast terrains. Their nations had established territories which were vital to the hunting component of their economies. These facts were evident to European settlers---especially to those who escaped starvation by accepting as gifts the fruits of Native American agriculture. Yet, distilled history of colonization largely neglects this aspect of early settlements. I also learnt during the course that African Americans are another community that bore the brunt of injustice - as they came to the continent tied in chains and were forced to slog as slaves. In this backdrop, the European frontiersman’s basic grievance was that he was restricted in robbing the already wretched natives and black slaves. Their cry for freedom and liberty was nothing more than a clamor for more control over the disadvantaged slaves and native s. This state of institutionalized injustice was accentuated further during the years of the revolution, diminishing the aura surrounding it even more. In other words, the injuries and sufferings associated with the revolution were apportioned unequally between the colonialists and other colored groups. These darker facets of the American Revolution were not cognizant to me prior to taking the course. And taking the course has made

Value Added Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value Added - Essay Example The difference is usually seen in the quantity of the components included when calculating the value added. Two ways have been suggested when obtained the value added for an organisation. First, there is the subtraction method where purchases are deducted from sales figure. Secondly, the addition method that sums up the profits, interests, depreciation, payroll etc. The two methods are explained towards wealth creation in the additive method and distribution of wealth in the subtraction method. Either of the two methods, should give the same figure of the value added in a business (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 35) The value added is demonstrated below Gross output (A) (minus) Bought in items, services (B) -------------delivers----------Valued added--------distributed to----- wages, consumption, capital, profits In a country’s records, the gross output represents the gross income from different industries. All purchases that are made by the government are then deducted, to arrive at the value added. To understand this concept, accounting information from Walmart Company is adopted and illustrated below. Example: Walmart Company income statement has been reviewed for the years 2011 and 2010. Figures all in $million Year 2011 Year 2010 Sales revenue 421,849.0 408,085 Less :Purchases made 315,287.0 304,444.0 Value added 106,562.0 103,641.0 Expenses – wages, administration. ... The value added per employee is obtained by dividing the figure calculated by the overall number of employees in a Company. The real value for 2011 for Walmart, would then be 106,562.0/2,100,000= $0.05 million per employee (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 55). The extent to which value added, cashflow, and profit connected to Company’s sales performance, is determined by critically analysing the realisation of the Company’s goal i.e. shareholder’s wealth creation. The value added shows the net value which excludes dealings from suppliers. The wealth so created is distributed amongst the expenditure, profits and capital of the firm. The cashflow statement shows the amount of cash that comes in the organisation e.g. from sales and cash out i.e. for the various expenditures undertaken. Cash expenditure in a company is includes: cash for investments, dividends paid, cash for operations etc. Cash inflow includes turnover, gain on sale of assets, interest income etc. To balanc e the cashflow, the cash outflow is subtracted from the cash inflow to get a deficit or a surplus. The resulting figure is the liquid money in the firm. This is related to the value added as both look at the company’s performance. If the resulting figure is a deficit, then the company is making losses and the performance is poor. Vice Versa is also true. True cash representation is assessed by the cashflow in and out of the Company’s operations. Any activities that do not involve cash e.g. outstanding debts, suppliers and outstanding debts are not incorporated. The cashflow depicts the true worth of a business as it paves ways for a cash budget to be created for the following year laying emphasis on the previous year’s cash spending. The shareholders of an organisation

The past on the present Essay Example for Free

The past on the present Essay She sits very primly and waits for her sisters return. Williams also tells us that she has had a troubled past, and has trouble with alcohol: Ive got to keep hold of myself, said to herself after she drinks some whiskey from a drinks cabinet, then wipes her glass as if to show that she hasnt drunk any, as if wanting people to think of her as pure and untouched. Her trouble with alcohol is reflected several times through the play, as she drinks a lot, while pretending not to do so. This shows us that she has something to hide from her friends and family. And she is also very nervous, probably since shes in new surroundings, as she jumps when the cat screeches. It is interesting how Williams uses music and sound effects to support the scene, like the Varsouviana or the cat screeching. In this case, this accentuates the tension and nervousness in Blanche, and shows the audience that she is close to a nervous breakdown. Blanches long monologue to her sister is a sign to us of her mental breakdown, exhibiting to us her increasing burden over the years. She seems to be overly selfish, by implying that she was some sort of angel, when she knows shes not: I did not lie in my heart, a line that is uttered later in the play to Stanley. Blanche paints a very grim picture of her dying relatives, but this morbid recollection gives us an idea of her suffering and sorrow in the past at Belle Reve. Belle Reve, in French, literally translates as Beautiful Dream, and this beautiful dream was shattered for Blanche. Another way that Williams dramatises the past is through the taking apart of Blanches trunk by Stanley. We can establish that Stanley believes that the Du Bois were extremely well off, shown by the high-class accessories that Blanche owns: The treasure chest of a pirate! We realise that Blanche used the stuff in her games of seduction in her home town, but only as the play progresses, and we also realise that these games dont work on Stanley, since he isnt taken in by her wiles, as he later says, Some men are took in by this Hollywood stuff, some men are not. Even though Blanche is not the topic of conversation, we can deduce that Stanley is directly referring to her. When Williams first introduces the boy, Allen, we are left in thought, since he tells us nothing other that the boy and Blanche were married, and that he died. But when Stanley rips open a stack of Allens poems, we are shown Blanches history all in a rush. She says that I hurt him the way you would like to hurt me, but you cant. This is directed at Stanley, and shows the audience that Blanche not completely stupid, and knows that Stanley is out to break the bond between herself and Stella. She even refers to herself, indirectly, unbeknown to Stanley, when saying that Belle Reve was lost piece by piece through epic fornications, or to her male relatives and ancestors. Williams could be suggesting that women were victims at Belle Reve, while the men were the rulers, which also relates to Stanleys old-fashioned ideas about the superiority of men. The Poker Night is very significant, since it shows the audience the complete contrast between Blanche and Stanley and his gang. We know that Blanche is portrayed dressed in white, while the men all flaunt bright, primitive colours. The brightness shows the men as full of life and zest, as compared with a sombre and pure white, as worn by Blanche. And when Mitch talks to Blanche, she is reluctant initially to open up to him, but when she does, she tells him everything about her past, about the boy, and Belle Reve. This slow opening up is symbolic, since it shows that Blanche is closed up at first, until she thinks she can trust someone. Blanche is always taking baths, since she still believes herself to be unsullied and pure, and wants to maintain this. She thinks that by bathing, she can get rid of the dirt that she collects on herself while in contact with Stanley, i. e. all his slandering against the Du Bois family name, and whom she believes to be lower than herself. But even she knows that everything she does is a fai ade, as she herself sings, Its a Barnum and Bailey world, Just as phony as it can be-But it wouldnt be make-believe if you believed in me!, which is contrasted by dialogue between Stella and Stanley, when Stanley takes apart her story. Even Blanche realises that she is living a lie, but doesnt think that anyone else realises that, and that she can continue living in her dream world. Williams tells us that since Blanche couldnt deal with the death around her at Belle Reve, she turned to sex, to the kindness of strangers. She has always relied on this to get her through, to make sure that she has a warm bed to sleep at night. But her past association with many men have given her a reputation in her home town, and this is dramatised by the gradual decay of her mental facilities, as she realises that her act doesnt work any more on men. So unless she finds some permanent shelter, she will be left without anyone who will acknowledge her, everyone needs to be acknowledged. A Streetcar Named Desire is a very interesting play, in which the playwright, Tennessee Williams, successfully dramatises the influence of the past on the present through the use of music, stage directions and the actions of the characters.

Motivation of employees: Häagen-Dazs and Ben Jerrys

Motivation of employees: HÃ ¤agen-Dazs and Ben Jerrys This report provides analysis and research on motivation of employees working in Haagen-dazs and Ben Jerry. It is to find out why in todays business many employees in some companies no longer pay attention to the quality of their work. Method of analysis used for this report is by compare two companies which involved in the same area of business. It is necessary to investigate how they motivate their employees in order to keep their employees loyalty and make sure they perform their best. This report is made to provide information based on the motivation factors that could affect the employees performance level in a company. Employees in some companies operating today are not really performing well in the market. Some of them just do the job in what way they want which caused the company no longer has a lot of loyal customer and of course the companies profit will decrease. For this situation to be stopped, managers of the companies have to bring their employees to a situation whereby it is profitable and worthy for both employees and company. One of many ways to turn on the employees in the company is motivating themselves to do their very best although the manager is not around. As known, leadership styles of a company influence the level of motivation. Motivation is simply defined as what gets you started the drives that move yourself to do what you do. Motivation will lead to a state willingness of putting high effort in achieving organization goals. It is the desire, the passion that makes a human movement. Motivation is related with human psychology which shows the human attitudes, needs, and satisfaction inside human themselves, while other encourage factor from outside human caused by their leader such as manager or supervisor. So, employees motivation is influenced by the changing ambitions or leadership style he works under or socializes with. Motivation talks about how to instruct the power and potential of subordinates, to cooperate together so the company can achieves the goals, vision and mission optimally. To analyse how managers motivate their employees in todays company, this report will compare ice cream companies which are HÃ ¤agen-Dazs and Ben Jerry which have similar business environment. Case study of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs 2.1 Historical background of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Company As known, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs is one of the most famous super premium ice cream in the world. Surprisingly although it has high butterfat content which is not good for health, it is reported that HÃ ¤agen-Dazs has higher sales than the other ice cream market segments. The history of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs starts from the year 1920s. Ruben Mattus, a young entrepreneur with the ambition of high quality of ice cream and his vision to create the finest ice cream in the world. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest and purest ingredients. In 1960, Mr Mattus, supported by his wife decided to form a new company which is dedicated to his ice creams vision. He called his new brand HÃ ¤agen-Dazs. (Haagen-dazs, 2008). HÃ ¤agen-Dazs convey the aura of the old-world tradition and craftsmanship and started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. At first, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs was only available in New York City. In 1976, Mr. Mattuss daughter opened the first HÃ ¤agen-Dazs shop. It became success and caused the expanded of the shop across the country. ÂÂ  In 1983 Mr. Mattus agreed to sell HÃ ¤agen-Dazs to The Pillsbury Company under the agreement that remained to the tradition of superior quality and innovation as the original HÃ ¤agen-Dazs.ÂÂ  In the year 2001, general millsÂÂ  bought Pillsbury and owned the HÃ ¤agen-Dazs (Haagen-dazs, 2008). In the United State, General Mills sold HÃ ¤agen-Dazs under theÂÂ  NestleÂÂ  licensing brand (Mahalo, 2010). Today, HÃ ¤agen-Dazs can be foundÂÂ  in over 900 HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Shops in 50 countries around the world. HÃ ¤agen-Dazs successfully reached their goals and target and start the me generation (Haagen-dazs, 2008). The motivation used by HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Reward from collecting point HÃ ¤agen-Dazs use the program called Star. This is an online employee reward and recognition program, which operated through a system of point. So the employees are rewarded based on their ability to achieve their monthly sales and the mystery shopping targets of the company. The point that they already have can be redeemed for gifts with the term that they must have worked for a minimum of three months. They also can collect their point first to claim more substantial gift. (allinhr, 2010) Thank you Card For the three top employees for exceeding expectation, company gives them award which takes the form of a Thank You card which says thank you in over 70 languages and has blank space which allow managers to personalize the card recognition. This certificated are displayed in the prominent place in the shop to improve the quality of work. Performance Chart Other motivation element in this company is that they have a performance chart which displayed on the staff notice board. There, employees can check the weekly and monthly sales of the company, which is colorful and easy to understand, includes the weekly motivational message from the manager complete with tips on how to improve the employees performance. (allinhr, 2010) Benefits As an employee in this company, on the top of competitive pay rates, you will also receive discount when buy ice cream. Full-time workers even get benefits packages such as healthcare coverage, and insurance (Job-application, 2010). Another benefits including saving plans advice, annual bonuses, vacation, summer hours, holiday, and flexible work arrangements. This company also offers an educational assistance for employees and family members. (Generalmills, 2011). Supporting environment As the owner of HÃ ¤agen-Dazs, General Mills provides seven diversity networks where employees can participate to exchange their ideas and information on a positive level. (Generalmills, 2011) Case study of Ben Jerrys 3.1 Historical background of Ben Jerrys Company Although the most popular flavour in the U.S. is vanilla, there also have people who like to try something new. Because of such thought, Ben Jerrys came out with funky flavours like Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey and a groovy Vermont vibe. With a $12,000 investment ($4,000 of it borrowed), Ben Cohen and Jerry, a childhood friends, opened their Ben Jerrys Homemade ice cream scoop at the corner of St. Paul and College Streets in downtown Burlington, Vermont, on 5 May 1978. (Benjerry, 2011). Jerry and Ben at first were thought about making bagel cakes, but due to the expensive equipment, they changed it to ice cream. They decided to open the scoop shop at Burlington, Vt., because it was a college town without an ice cream parlor. After their discussion, they took a $5 course on ice-cream making and in 1978 opened the first Ben Jerrys in a converted Burlington gas station. (Daniel Richards, 2011). The shop was quickly famous and became a favourite due to its ice cream taste and creative flavours. BenJerry also offer a free film festival, do some charity for unable people, and giving away free scoops on the first anniversary which continued to happen until now. This business increased significantly and by the year 1987 sales were at $32 million. In the year 2000, this company is sold to Unilever, for $326 million. Under the term of an agreement, it is said that it will continued to operate but separated with Unilever (ciputraentrepreneurship, 2010). Today Ben Jerrys franchisesÂÂ  750 worldwide (marketingteacher, 2010). The motivation used by Ben Jerrys company Ben and Jerry are very concern about people who go along through the successful of their business. They believe that a success of a company comes from the employees support. Cohen then brings back the support to the employees. Benefits According to their website, Ben Jerrys offers some benefits package that includes the paid family leave, three free pints of Vermonts Finest super premium ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbets every day. This is also a company which dedicated to the policy of non-discrimination based on their gender, ethnicity, race, veteran status, sexual orientation, religious, age, national origin, or disability (benjerry,2008). Other benefits that motivate its employees such as free health club membership, sponsored membership to local fitness centre, personal financial planning advice, and the educational cost assistance (benjerry,2008). 3.2.2 Bonus Plan All the full-timer of this company has a right to some form of compensation above their competitive salaries. In 2008, Ben Jerry also apply Variable Pay Award (VPA) plan where bonuses are given based on their individuals performance on achieving goals and targets and also based on the companys financial performance. There also another plan for Ben Jerrys full-timer that made in 2008 called Keys to Enterprise (KTE) plan. This plan focus on the bonuses and incentives which include cash, Ben Bucks which can be redeemed in the company stores, and the other awards. In 2008, the average amount of KTE in Vermont Company was over $510, up from the previous year which is $474 (benjerry, 2008). Supporting environment To further encourage retention and loyalty, Cohen and Greenfield do an experiment about the evacuation of their supervisors by their subordinates, also do the exchange of ideas and opinions freely between employees. Company also have rules that focus on the employees which actually becomes positive impact. Moreover much commendation from the other industries and the important parts is that a lot of companies follow these rules. Leadership program and training also provided to the employees (Terry et al, 2004). Other motivated factors It is called Ben Jerrys Joy Gang, started in 1987 to increase the demand upon employees the first activities included pizza and 15 minutes massages for its manufacturing employees who were working 12 hours. Jerry suggested that they should try to make fun to their official part of their company culture. (Bob smith, 2005). Comparison Table Haagen-dazs BenJerry Similarities Healthcare coverage, insurance, and educational assistance. Employees can participate to exchange their ideas and information freely. Bonuses are given based on their individual performance. Personal financial planning advice. Competitive salaries and pay rates. Differences Online employees reward by collecting point to be redeemed for gifts. Top employees whose performance were very satisfying, is given a thank you card which says thank you in over 70 languages. Discount for employees when buy ice cream. Performance chart which displayed on the staff notice board, including manager tips on how to improve employees performance. Annual bonuses, vacation, summer hours, and flexible works arrangements. Have Keys to Enterprise plan which include bonuses and incentives given by cash and Ben Bucks which redeemed for gifts. Dedicated to the policy of non-discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity. Free three pints of Vermonts finest super premium ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbets every day. It is called Ben Jerrys Joy Gang, which came from Jerrys suggestion to make fun become a part of their official companys culture. Leadership program and training for employees. Conclusion In the real situation, although companies have a similar business environment, they still have difference strategy in motivating and leading their employees. As what has been shown above, Haagen-dazs and Ben Jerry almost have the same strategy in motivating their employees, but they still have their own strategy in motivating their employees. Generally, they use such as reward, acknowledgement, and appraisal in order to trigger employees motivation. When employees feel appreciated, their motivation level is boost leading to satisfaction of employees working in the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that motivation is an encourage which comes from inside and outside human in their effort to meet their needs, get the wanted position in a company, gain power and satisfaction from their work. However, in its practice, the usage of each element is different based on the needs and desire of each human.

A Deconstructionist Perspective of S. E. Hintons The Outsiders Essay

A Deconstructionist Perspective of S. E. Hinton's The Outsiders The unseen layers present in S. E. Hinton's The Outsiders make it possible for the reader to develop differing interpretations of the novel. The ambiguity of the text is recognized within the deconstructionist approach to literature. Deconstruction allows the reader to focus on particular elements in the text that divulge the underlying themes. In focusing on two key scenes in The Outsiders, deconstruction explains how Hinton's use of these scenes gives the reader insight into two opposing themes within the text. The two scenes consist of Ponyboy's and Johnny's confrontation with the Socs and also when Ponyboy and Johnny save the children in the burning church (54-57; 91-93). In these two scenes, Hinton manipulates the characters' reactions to illustrate two divergent readings of the text. Critics have consistently argued whether Hinton intended the text to be read as a realistic account of teenage life, or a text that embodies the idealism of youth. I believe the answer lie s within both interpretations, for the boys must face the reality of their actions and also individually come to terms with what or whom they consider worth dying for. In interpreting the text as a realistic account of teenage life, it is evident that the author deals with the real issues that youth face, such as violence and class conflict. The first key scene exemplifies these impending dangers with the boys' reactions to being surrounded by the Socs in the park. The narrator, Ponyboy, describes Johnny "as white as a ghost and his eyes were wild-looking: (54). Ponyboy implicates Johnny's earlier encounter with the Socs as the cause of Johnny's overwhelming fear. Ponyboy ... ... matter of an instant. In analyzing two key scenes from The Outsiders, the text belies the contradictory themes of the reality of teenage life and the idealism of youth. In focusing on these scenes, the reader observes how Hinton dismantles her own text with her use of oppositions in the reactions of Ponyboy and Johnny. Although two contrasting themes are represented, it is not necessary to choose between them. With the critical approach of deconstruction, the reader recognizes the significance of opposition within the text. I believe this simultaneous understanding of both discourses is the only way a reader can truly appreciate the depth of Hinton's work, for the greatest enlightenment stems from the realization that the true message lies within the many thematic shades of gray. Works Cited Hinton, S. E. The Outsiders. New York: Penguin, 1995.

Causes of the Great Depression Essay -- United States History Economic

Causes of the Great Depression Throughout the 1920’s, new industries and new methods of production led to prosperity in America. America was able to use its great supply of raw materials to produce steel, chemicals, glass, and machinery that became the foundation of an enormous boom in consumer goods (Samuelson, 2). Many US citizens invested on the stock market, speculating to make a quick profit. This great prosperity ended in October 1929. People began to fear that the boom was going to end, the stock market crashed, the economy collapsed and the United States entered a long depression. The Great Depression of the thirties remains the most important economic event in American history. It caused enormous hardship for tens of millions of people and the failure of a large fraction of the nation’s banks, businesses, and farms. The stock market crash in October 1929 is believed to be the immediate cause of the Great Depression, but there were many other factors and long-term causes that developed in the years prior to the depression. The 1920’s may have been prosperous for some Americans, but the growing prosperity was actually weakening the economy. Many US citizens were never participating in the boom from the start. There were some wealthy individuals, but 60% of people were living below the poverty line. The coal mining industry had expanded greatly, creating many jobs, but with the introduction of oil and gas, the production of coal was decreased along with the amount of jobs. The United Mine Workers Union’s membership fell from 500,000 in 1920 to 75,000 in 1928 (Temin, 33). The cotton industry experienced similar unemployment problems. In the agricultural industry, an increase in production was met with a decrea... ...n increased 50 %, but workers could not buy goods as fast as the industry produced them because their wages were low. Workers reduced their spending to hold down their debts, the amount of money in circulation decreased, and business became even worse. The Stock Market Crash was an immediate cause of the Great Depression, but there were many long-term causes that gradually weakened the economy. Bibliography Matthews, Layth. â€Å"What Caused the Great Depression of the 1930’s?† Internet. http://www.shambhala.org. 2002. Samuelson, Robert. J. â€Å"Great Depression.† The Concise Encyclopedia of economics. Internet. http://www.econlib.org. 2002. Tanner, Neal. â€Å"The Easy Life of the ‘20’s Contributed to Great Depression.† Overview: The Great Depression. Internet. http://www.marist.edu/summerscholars. 2002. Temin, Peter. Lessons from the Great Depression. 1989.

Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Essays -- Science Technology Gene

Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Cloning is defined as the â€Å"creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism† according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits. Cloning is a controversial topic because new areas of science often raise questions about safety. Early experiment performed on animals showed potential dangers. For example, cloned cows developed faulty immune systems. In some studies, cloned animals seemed to grow old faster and die younger than normal members of the species. According to Encarta online Encyclopedia, â€Å"In 2002 the National Academy of Sciences released a report calling for a legal ban on human cloning. The report concluded that the high rate of health problems in cloned animals indicates that such an effort in humans would be highly dangerous for the mother and developing embryo and is likely to fail† (encarta.msn.com). Reproductive and therapeutic cloning has possible side effects or danger that could affect the human race. Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal and therapeutic cloning involves transplanting the nucleus of an adult body cell into an unfertilized egg. An electric shock stimulates the egg to begin dividing. This reproductive cloning technology can be used to help people who cannot give birth to children or those who are not married. Though Reproductive cloning would be beneficial to us, there are a number of reasons why this system should be banned... ...er, etc. it would be use to replace and restore tissues, organs, and their lost functionality† (Williams 591-594). As William said using this technology to treat an aging brain could be difficult because of the hostile environment created by the neurodegenerative disease (Williams 591-594). Reproductive and Therapeutic cloning is not as beneficial as it is made out to be by researchers. Developing humans are killed in the long pursuit of this technology. Money also is a big issue. By using the money that could be used to help developing countries to play or be God is immoral. We have everything we can use to revive humans to the best of our ability, what more do we needed? Sometimes, certain things are not to be tampered with because of issues and dangers behind it. Therefore Reproductive and Therapeutic cloning should not be used and should be banned.

Malaysia

Introduction 1Malaysia is not a new concept or formula. Rather, the ultimate goal of 1Malaysia, which is national unity, has been the main vision of our country’s leaders before Najib, and has been interpreted in various shapes and forms over the span of five decades of Independence. If we truly study it, what has changed is the approach and implementation according to the ever-changing times and generations. (1Malaysia Booklet, 2009) In other words, 1Malaysia is a concept to foster unity amongst the multi-ethnic people of Malaysia, substantiated by key values that every Malaysian should observe.The approach is not independent of the Government’s policies thus far; instead it complements them to further reinforce our solidarity in order to guarantee stability towards achieving higher growth and development for Malaysia and the people. This means that 1Malaysia is a formula conceptualised as a precondition in ensuring the aspirations of the country to secure a developed status by 2020 are met, if it is inculcated in the minds of the people and practiced by the entire community.If the idea of â€Å"Bangsa Malaysia† which was engendered through Vision 2020 becomes the final destination, then 1Malaysia is the roadmap that guides us towards that destination. This definition is built upon the argument that in order achieve the status of a developed nation in the predetermined time frame, the key requisite is a strong and stable country, which can only be achieved when its people stand united. On the other hand 1Malaysia values and respects the ethnic identities of each community in Malaysia, and proudly regards them as an asset or advantage. Malaysia underlines the value of â€Å"Acceptance† amongst its multi-racial people, where one race embraces the uniqueness of other races so that we may live with mutual respect for each other as a nation. It is a distinct step above that of mere tolerance. The foundation for all this is the principle of justice for all, which means that the welfare of all Malaysians will be looked after, leaving no one behind. Such justice must take into account the varying levels of development of each ethnic community.Hence, government policies and provisions in the Constitution that protect the interests of disadvantaged groups will continue to be implemented. 1Malaysia will continue the agenda of nation-building. To achieve growth for the nation, the people must be the first to be developed, which must begin by instilling a sense of acceptance amongst races, and therefore undivided solidarity. When solidarity is achieved, the task of nation-building can truly and smoothly be carried out. The 1Malaysia formula is conceptualised for implementation in two main aspects.The first is through the assimilation of the Principles of Unity, while the second aspect is the assimilation of Aspirational Values. The Principles of Unity are the three items I had earlier detailed; the first, â€Å"acceptance † amongst all races and peoples of Malaysia; the second, nationalistic principles built upon the Federal Constitution and the Rukun Negara; and thirdly, social justice. These Principles are supported by wholesome values that must be inculcated as part of Malaysian culture, including values such as mutual respect, Tawaddhu', humility and astuteness in forming decisions and actions.The second aspect of the 1Malaysia formula highlights elements that must be practiced by any society seeking to achieve greater competitiveness and success. These elements comprise A Culture of Excellence in performing all duties and responsibilities; A Culture of Precision in terms of time management and improving efficiency; Courage to innovate and explore new opportunities. Meritocracy in assigning tasks to those best fit to execute them in accordance with the Federal Constitution and national policy; unwavering Loyalty to our country; Perseverence in the face of adversity of any kind and Integrity in all matters and transactions.The inculcation of these Aspirational Values will distinguish us as a powerful, respected and admired Malaysian Community, befitting the identity of a thriving and developed nation. In delivering its commitment to the Rakyat, the government presented the theme â€Å"People First, Performance Now† as part of the 1Malaysia concept. This theme signifies that while reinforcing the call for unity amongst Malaysians, the government will also prioritise issues that the people feel strongly about. The government also places great weight upon the performance and results of all public servants when engaging with the people.In other words, the government recognises the importance of the efficiency and quality of public service in enhancing the quality of life for the people, hence the adoption of a people-friendly approach in all government agencies is critical. In view of this, a Key Performance Index (KPI) will be implemented in all government matters, beginning with the KPI monitoring exercise for all Ministers. A Minister in the Prime Minister's Department is already assigned specifically to ensure the smooth implementation of the KPI.The Minister responsible will provide further details on the KPI and a detailed system of implementation to fulfil this government objective. Such initiatives are expected to produce significant changes not only in government administration, but more importantly to lead to the betterment of the Malaysian people's standard of living. Above all, 1Malaysia â€Å"People First, Performance Now† is expected to generate a definitive transformation, towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly united people, and esteemed by the world.The media must assume the responsibility to help the government to bring progress and renewal to the country. The media also had the responsibility to safeguard the peace in the country as well as the renewal and progress attained by the people. We hav e to continue doing what our forefathers did to bring progress and renewal to the country. We cannot merely bring progress and renewal but have to initiate a quantum leap, and the media has the responsibility to help in this transformation. This leap demands understanding and openness.Emotions and sentiments must be set aside or the effort to achieve the leap will be difficult. The media should act responsibly when safeguarding the rights of any community, and it should also safeguard the rights of all Malaysians as well. The 1Malaysia concept, proposed is pivoted on the federal Constitution and the Rukun Negara. Besides that, put forward the principles which encompass the responsible attitude which must be practised. We have to appreciate the principle of 1Malaysia in order to build a more progressive country. We have to be fair to all the communities.This is not merely something which we want but it is that which is demanded by Islam. The era of the government knowing better has e nded, and we now have to interact with everyone. And for this, the media must understand the government’s thinking and vice versa. Foundation of 1Malaysia concept Based on National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak reiterated that 1Malaysia was not a new concept or formula and that its ultimate objective of national unity was the main vision of past leaders of the country, albeit in various forms. National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, 2009) 1Malaysia is a formula which serves as a prerequisite to ensure realisation of the country's aspiration to achieve developed nation status by 2020 if it is assimilated in the people and practised by society. The 1 Malaysian or a member of Bangsa Malaysia, if one prefers; pursues excellence with full confidence and with pride in himself and his country, behaves democratically, holds himself to high ethical standards. (National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, 2009)Feels that he/ she belongs to the nation despite his/her cultural exceptionality, contributes to the scientific and technological civilisation that awaits mankind, is family-oriented, cares for the welfare of others and seeks to reduce economic inequality, and works hard. (National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, 2009) The concept 1Malaysia is based on three main thrusts; nationalistic principles based on the Federal Constitution, Rukun Negara and social justice. Rukun Negara is fundamental to all policies and nation-building. Malaysia concept uphold all the fundamental provisions of the Federal Constitution and Rukun Negara because it’s main objective is national unity and has been exists after Independence as it has been the main vision of our country’s leader before Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak and has been interpreted in various shapes and forms over the span of five decades of Independence. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) If we tr uly study it, what has changed is the approach and implementation according to the ever-changing times and generations.It’s a matter of â€Å"rebranding†. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) The â€Å"Malaysian Malaysia† ideology is not the same as the â€Å"1 Malaysia† concept although both were aimed at building one nation. The ‘Malaysian Malaysia' ideology espouses that all ethnic groups have equal rights with none having special rights. This is against the Federal Constitution; Article 153 of the Constitution which stipulates the special rights of the Malays and other Bumiputeras as well as the position and rights of the other races in the country.The idea of a â€Å"Malaysian Malaysia† proposed by the Opposition, championed by the DAP and before that, the PAP under Lee Kuan Yew when Singapore was part of Malaysia. It specifically provides special quotas for the Malay and other indigenous peoples of Malaysia in ad mission to the public service, awarding of public scholarships, admission to public education institutions and the awarding of trade licences. It also authorises the government to create Malay monopolies in particular trades. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009)Unlike that idea, 1Malaysia did not deviate from the basic ideas and spirit of the Federal Constitution. People shouldn’t fear or cast aspersions on the concept because 1Malaysia seeks to ensure that the ethnic identity of each race is respected. This means that every race respects each other and understands their unique differences. Only then can unity be achieved. The people must progress first before the country can achieve development. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009)Unity as envisioned through the 1Malaysia concept varies greatly from the assimilation concept practiced in other countries where the ethnic identities are wiped out and replaced with one homogeneous national identity. It is also clearly distinct from the opposition’s concept of Malaysian Malaysia. 1Malaysia does not deviate from the spirit of our Federal Constitution as the law of the state, written or implied. In fact, the 1Malaysia concept remains faithful to the core provisions within the Federal Constitution, Therefore, no one should fear or cast aspersions hat the concept the concept will deviate from what has been agreed upon by our founding fathers. 1Malaysia slogan’s, â€Å"People First, Performance Now† Based on National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, in implementing its commitment to the people, the government had coined the slogan â€Å"People First, Performance Now†. (National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, 2009) The theme means that in emphasising the importance of unity among Malaysians, the government will also give preference to issues regarded as important by the people.The government also stresses on performance and achievement by all civil servants in their dealings with the people. (National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, 2009) In other words, the government understands very well how important civil service efficiency and quality are in improving the living standard of the people and, as such, all government agencies will give priority to the people-friendly approach. In this connection, the Key Performance Index (KPI) would be applied in government matters, starting with the KPI monitoring for all ministers.Our Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak begins to reshape the leadership and priorities of the Government. He is mindful that we should build on the successes and lessons of the past. It must be a government with new approaches for new times; a government that places a priority on performance, because the people must come first. Both of it are the same and media do not focus only on 1Malaysia but also on the slogan in balancing the priority of both of it as it comes out mutu ally and supports each other equally.If Malaysians had included the values of the concept in their lives, it meant that the ministry had achieved its key performance indicator (KPI). The terms of KPI and KRA (key result areas) have to understand these two terms to convey the 1Malaysia goal. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) Key Preformance Index (KPI) is aim at boosting the performance of the civil service. The KPI encompasses six Key Result Areas (KRA) including crime prevention efforts and the fight against corruption.Other KRA include efforts to widen access to quality and affordable education, uplift the standard of living for the lower-income group, improve the infrastructure in the rural and remote areas, as well as to improve public transport for the medium term. By incorporating KRA in achieving KPI, it helps to expedite the acceptance of the 1Malaysia concept among Malaysians. KPI have direction to take on 1Malaysia to achieve its objective and it is up to the people to accepting it. KPI have to convince the people and do follow up with the progress. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009)The adoption of a people-friendly approach in all government agencies was also critical as the government recognised the importance of the efficiency and quality of public service in enhancing the quality of life for the people. The government also placed great weight on the performance and results of all public servants when engaging with the people. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) Key Performance Index (KPI) will be implemented in all government matters, beginning with the KPI monitoring exercise for all Ministers.A Minister in the Prime Minister's Department is already assigned specifically to ensure the smooth implementation of the KPI. The Minister responsible will provide further details on the KPI and a detailed system of implementation to fulfil this government objective. KPI will pa y off and change not only in government administration, but more importantly to lead to the betterment of the Malaysian people's standard of living in acceptance of 1 Malaysia. With the right procedure that will be monitor by responsible minister that also aim on the objective of 1Malaysia.By that, this will expedite the progress of achieving 1Malaysia as it is expected to generate a definitive transformation, towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly people, and esteemed by the world. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) Above all, â€Å"1Malaysia People First, Performance Now† is expected to generate a definitive transformation towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly united people, and esteemed by the world. â€Å"When we know what the national KPIs are, the people will be able to measure the Government’s efforts and performance.They can also give their views and suggestions on how we can achieve thes e national KPIs. This was a reflection of the government’s intention to have more effective and meaningful achievement as demanded by the people. Issues On 1 Malaysia There are a lot of issues arises when the â€Å"1 Malaysia† concept has been introduced by the Malaysian Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Abd. Razak. The most controversial issue that came up is the equality between 1 Malaysia and â€Å"Malaysian Malaysia† concept. Malaysian Malaysia had been brought by the DAP on 1960.Opposition parties have claimed it mirrored the Malaysian Malaysia concept championed by the DAP and, before that, the PAP under Lee Kuan Yew when Singapore was part of Malaysia. Malaysian Malaysia has been introduced with the purposed of espoused equality for all Malaysian. According to the Malaysian Insider, Datuk Seri Najib had explained that the concept of 1 Malaysia created by him is not the same as the concept Malaysian Malaysia. For Prime Minister, 1 Malaysia means the Malaysi an standing, thinking and acting as one Malaysian with the way of performing action based on the agreement of the entire ethnic group in our country. Figuring out One Malaysia, 2009) Madam Rafini, a journalist in RTM said that 1 Malaysia is totally different from the Malaysian Malaysia concept even though the policy is almost the same. The DAP’s concept is more to giving the sameness right to all the Malaysian no matter what races they are. But, 1 Malaysia is more to encouraged people to think, work and having achievement together as a Malaysian. In addition, it is hopefully that it will bring unity to all races in Malaysia. Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) Besides that, the slogan created had brought misinterpretation to some people. They claiming that 1 Malaysia is just a political gimmick and it will erode the privilege of Malays. Not long after the concept was introduced into the public domain, the ruling party and its media organisations moved to narrow the perimeters of the concept, concerned that it would signal the end of affirmative action and special privileges of the Malays. This has created an anxiety to the Malays and former Prime Minister; Tun Dr.Mahathir Mohammad had given his opinion on this issue. He said that he worried people will assume that 1 Malaysia means Malaysian Malaysia and people will misinterpret the true meaning of 1 Malaysia. (Is 1 Malaysia Just The New Malaysia Boleh, 2009) It is strange for some people to argue on the 1 Malaysia slogan by giving nonsense concern that Malays going to lost the privilege rights in our own motherland. It is also said that all this controversy is created by the opposition parties that want to bring down the government (1 Malaysia Untuk Semua, 2009).They use this slogan as a silent weapon to influence people mind about the trick behind this slogan. The truth is how Malays can lose their privilege and specialties if DAP own self – which have a complot with PAS and Parti Keadilan Rakyat – totally accepting the â€Å"Perlembagaan 1957† that had guaranteed all the special privilege rights of the Malays? (1 Malaysia Untuk Semua, 2009) Madam Rafini said it all depend on the Malaysian how they interpret this concept, if they accepting it positively, then it will be something good. Mentality of our people plays a big role in this issue.She also said that the government cannot make a decision for the Malaysian, but Malaysian itself have to decide on their own which one is right and which one is wrong (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) For the media, they can only broadcast and spread the truth idea of 1 Malaysia by using the medium they have like television, radio and newspaper. Madam Rafini also giving her suggestion to clear the misinterpretation to some people by inviting some one that understands this concept very clearly, such as the minister to giving a talk or explanation about the truth of 1 Malaysi a. Rafini Othman, personal communication 16th September 2009) The opposition parties also accused that it is just a â€Å"cheap† slogan use by the government to trick people and they still want to play with sensitive issue such as races to weaken the government. But, our people nowadays are very smart and they can think on their own what the best is. The media also playing part by spreading the truth about this concept and explaining clearly to the Malaysian that 1 Malaysia is actually means no one in the country will be sidelined but affirmative action policies will continue.Role Of The Media To Educate People About 1 Malaysia Since 1 Malaysia concept has been introduced by the prime minister, there are a lot of opinions and variety of views from people. We can see that different people have a different interpretation about this 1 Malaysia concept, some agree and some not. This concept has its own pro and cons. So, what the media can do to educate the public about the truth of this concept? According to Madam Rafini, the broadcast journalist in Radio Television Malaysia (RTM), media plays a very important part in educating the public about this intelligent idea.As a journalist, she said she can write and produce some opinion pieces about 1 Malaysia concept and it can be read by the public. The media need to broadcast more news that related to 1 Malaysia. They need to deliver something positive and accurate to us. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) Besides that, the media can also broadcasting some talk show, for example with the minister with the purpose to explain deeper about this concept. She add that RTM already have this kind of program called â€Å"Bersama Menteri† and they also have a new program called â€Å"Bicara Siswa†.This talk show invited some young generation and representative from high education institution in Malaysia to talk about serious issue inside this country (Rafini Othman, personal commu nication, 16th September 2009). So, in this way we can get comments and interpretation from the youth perspective. In addition, Madam Rafini also said that advertisement can be a very effective medium to promote this concept (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009).Nowadays, we can see a lot of 1 Malaysia advertisement had been started to publish in the public area such as on the advertisement board at the highway, bus station, newspapers and others. Advertisement is a very efficient way to persuade people. The advertisement showed in the television is the best method to persuade people. Some television commercial that shows the unity of all races in Malaysia can help people to understand clearer about this concept. This creativity weapon can plant good moral values to the Malaysian. Our youth is the next generation that will inherit this country.So, they are one of the main targets to practice this concept in their life. But, it is not an easy job to attract the interest of the youngster. That is why the media has come up with one initiative to attract the youngster by creating 1 Malaysia songs. Right now, there are some versions of 1 Malaysia songs that has been listened by the public. Most of this song was sang by popular artist that our youth admired of. As a result, it is hope that our younger generation will be attracted and understand deeper about the exact meaning of 1 Malaysia. 1 Malaysia Acceptance towards Society and EducationIn terms of the acceptance of people of Malaysia regarding the concept of 1 Malaysia, our former prime minister, Tun Dr Mahathir personally told his opinion that nearly 40 percent of Malaysian people still do not know and understand about the concept of 1 Malaysia. He feels that 1 Malaysia is more to political slogan rather than managing the aspirations of different races. He personally still does not see our different races community adapt this concept to their daily life A recent survey by Merdeka Centre a lso showed that 78 per cent were aware of the concept but 39 per cent still did not know what it means. Is 1 Malaysia Just The New Malaysia Boleh, 2009) We ask Madam Rafini about the big roll that journalist and the media plays in shaping Malaysian’s minded and how exactly the media helps our government to send this message clearly to Malaysian people. She admit that in Malaysia, the media is the biggest medium in giving any important message or introduce a new aspirations concept towards Malaysian people, she add that media will interprets the concept in a simple way or subliminal way.She said that the most common way in media is by using the variety of advertisement and message through the various medium like radio, internet, and most commonly television. (Rafini Othman, personal communication 16th September 2009). We can see when a new concept is being introduce, there will be a new advertisement that will be shown in the television to show our people about the reality of the new concept and how it is actually connected with our daily life. Most of the concept that are being introduce in Malaysia, it will always something that have a powerful connection in our daily life and the harmony of our country.She said that there were many advertisements that were shown everyday in the media especially in television regarding this concept. There is also advertisement that was created in more subliminal ways. This is one of the effective ways to make our people realize and think for a while about what is the concept is all about. The process also takes the whole of media team to adapt the new concept so that they can connect it in the variety of programmes that is shown in the media. In other aspect, the media is the biggest medium to spread the new concept by introducing the concept more in the media.We can see that now every single thing in the media at least will be connected to the concept starts from news telecast until other programs. Madam Rafinni said we as a media will always try to produce a good massage but the entire acceptance depends on our Malaysian people themselves. The media is just the medium to interpret a very good concept that is suitable to our country. One example that we can take is when the media produce a competition to everyone to create a song that represent one Malaysia. This shows how the media is serious to commercialize the concept. Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009) In other aspect, some Malaysian thinks that 1 Malaysia is just a political gimmick. We ask Madam Rafini if the concept will still be seen as a gimmick or it will give some impact towards Malaysian. In this case, she said that maybe the ‘gimmick’ term came from other people or other parties that not agreed with our government. Realistically, 1 Malaysia is still a new strong concept that has been produce by our new prime minister. She said it all depends on the people themselves on how they want to accept t he concept.If they are a smart person, why we want to condemn a good and relevant concept? (Rafini Othman, personal communication,16th September 2009) Madam Rafini personally feels that most of our Malaysian people are getting used to the concept rather than take it just as a gimmick. The concept will leave a permanent impact to Malaysian if it flows well towards our community. The media will always help in finding a person that specialist in this kind of concept to provide good information to publics. (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009)In terms of academic, International Trade and Industry Deputy Minister Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir said that through this concept, multiracial students could mingle and interact more effectively. He suggests that it can be done by making Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil as elective subject (Single Stream School Can Make 1 Malaysia a Success, 2009). We ask Madam Rafini if the concept could be accept by our younger generations a nd how it could bring our younger generations together? She said that in term of education process, it is more to long term planning and it all depends on how it will be execute.If they are serious to execute it in our education system, we have to start from the roots. Start from pre – school to secondary school and our primary school. It will slowly educate our younger generations towards the real 1 Malaysia (Rafini Othman, personal communication, 16th September 2009). Our younger generations have to be smart. The concept is being introduced for a good reason to help our unity and to develop our country. So it all depend on the way is it carry out and our younger generations have to be positive in accepting it. ConclusionThe simple fact is that Malaysia has been exposed to several slogans from the time Dr Mahathir was prime minister in 1981. Each time, a slogan or concept has been introduced Malaysians have greeted it with optimism, hoping that it would signal a new dawn, a better Malaysia. 1 Malaysia is an intelligent idea that has been created by Malaysian Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak. It had brought so many opinions and interpretations in variety of perspectives. One thing for sure, this latest slogan is going to provoke some defiances but, it is also going to be a medium that will rouses people to a great unity in Malaysia. 1Malaysia People First, Performance Now† is expected to generate a definitive transformation towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly united people, and esteemed by the world. This was a reflection of the government’s intention to have more effective and meaningful achievement as demanded by the people. Thus, lead to the betterment of the Malaysian people's standard of living in acceptance of 1 Malaysia. It is also clearly distinct from the opposition’s concept of Malaysian Malaysia. 1Malaysia does not deviate from the spirit of our Federal Constitution as the law of the sta te, written or implied.In fact, the 1Malaysia concept remains faithful to the core provisions within the Federal Constitution. Therefore, no one should fear or cast aspersions that the concept the concept will deviate from what has been agreed upon by our founding fathers. When 1 Malaysia has been recognised, a lot of issues arise against this slogan. There are some people has misinterpret this slogan claiming that 1 Malaysia slogan mirrored the Malaysian Malaysia concept. Besides that, it is also said that this slogan is just a political gimmick that will erode the special privilege of Malays.The government also have to face the defying created by the opposition parties that accused 1 Malaysia concept is just a cheap slogan that will bring more harm to the people. Although, there are a lot of issues that against the concept, it’s all depend on the individual acceptance viewpoint of this concept. It begin from perception of people how they think it is, either its good or bad concept. But, our prime minister has given his explanation about the truth idea of this concept to clear all the misinterpretation.But, the truth is 1 Malaysia is actually means no one in the country will be sidelined but affirmative action policies will continue. When talking about 1 Malaysia, role of the media is very important in spreading the truth idea of this concept. From this research, we found out that media can help to educate people about 1 Malaysia by writing and publishing some article and broadcasting more news that related to 1 Malaysia. In addition, the media can also inviting the minister to explain about this concept in a talk show to ensure the complete clarification is given.Moreover, advertisement and song of 1 Malaysia is believed can attract younger generation to practise this concept in their daily life. However, no matter how much initiative done by the media to educate people, its all depend on their self because for sure, different people have their own in terpretation about 1 Malaysia. In other expect, some Malaysian feels that 1 Malaysian is just political gimmick rather than something that will give some impact towards our society. From our interviewed, we can conclude that the gimmick terms may come from other political parties and some organizations that not really agreed with our government.Actually, the percentages of people that have the bad perceptions are not that much. Most of our Malaysian people are getting used to the concept rather than take it just as a gimmick. The media will always help in finding a person that specialist in this kind of concept to provide good information to publics and produce a programme that talks about this concept in more clear and specific ways. In the aspect of educations, the suggestions that Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir made about making Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil as elective subject is a good move if we see it from long term planning.If we want to be serious about it, we have to take t he first move from the roots, starting from pre – school to secondary school and our primary school. It will slowly educate our younger generations towards the real 1 Malaysia. It all depends on the younger generations them selves. The process of education that will be executed in schools will play big rolls in shaping younger generations perceptions, if this concept continue for a long time, our generations will be ready to accept this concept beginning from the roots and will make up a good generations.In conclusion towards the acceptance of 1 Malaysia within our society, the real situations in our societies are not really bad. Even though our prime minister said that nearly 40 percent of Malaysia still does not know what 1 Malaysia means and he feels that it is more to political slogan rather than a real concept. Because in Malaysian media plays the biggest roles, we discovered that media always try to find the best solution to provide the best information and try to make our people give a good perceptions towards the concept. Media used lots of medium like radio, internet, and most commonly television.One of the common ways is by using the advertisement plus a variety of information programme. Another example is when the media produce a competition for everyone to create 1 Malaysian song. When we can see that now every single thing in the media at least will be connected to the concept starts from news telecast until other programs. Madam Rafini said we as a media will always try to produce a good massage but the entire acceptance depends on our Malaysian people themselves. The media is just the medium to interpret a very good concept.

Schopenhauer Analysis

Joon Shin Ms. Love A. P. Language & Composition 17 February 2010 O. C. E. #1: Schopenhauer’s Assumption In terms of the human mind, we are currently unable to make definite statements as to how it functions and what factors affect its learning. Arthur Schopenhauer was a man who believed that to read books was to limit self-thinking. In turn, he believed that limiting self-thinking was to limit any chances of expanding one’s intelligence. However, the influences written down in bound sheets of paper are no different from influences of the environment and the world in general. Schopenhauer states that â€Å"if a man does not want to think, the safest plan is to take up a book directly when he has a spare moment. † Yet, it is interesting to consider that to even process words on a page requires some use of the mind. People do not inherently accept every idea and proposition thrown at them when reading a book. They take the idea and process it, whether they end up agreeing or disagreeing with the idea. It is this process of reasoning that books invoke upon a person. Books do not tend to represent easy, acceptable ideas to people; books represent the area to philosophize, reason, and expose oneself to the unique and infinite ideas of the world. Schopenhauer’s biggest fallacy is his belief that the human mind is a mindless machine, taking in information without any consideration and analysis of the information. However, the primary function of a book is to force a reader to analyze the ideas it has to offer. If everyone were to accept all the various ideas circulating in our world’s library, then there would be no basis for debate and no conflicting ideas. Yet there are debates and there are arguments. The analysis of the ideas present in books lead to agreement, disagreement, and neutrality. Nonetheless, the reader rests upon a conclusion after the process of reasoning and logic. Linda Elder and Richard Paul once pointed out, â€Å"One cannot be an educated person without consistently learning through reading. † (Elder and Paul). This â€Å"learning† is from the process of constantly analyzing and processing ideas throughout the bound pages of information. As the mind is presented with new ideas, it strives to comprehend and build off of those ideas, adapting and changing its way of thinking constantly. A book can be thought of as a supplier of the raw and bare thoughts of the world. They do not specifically appeal to any of the five senses and thus, forces our minds to compensate by imagining those senses. A movie, on the other hand, gives us visuals and sounds that feed specific emotions and thoughts to the audience. The audience sees and hears what the director specifically wants him/her to see and hear. There is no room for creativity. There is no room for individuality to seep in. In fact, most would argue that movies are growing to have detrimental effects upon people in society. The political cartoon â€Å"Hollywood Trash† by Jerry Seltzer displays a boy being filled with the â€Å"trash† that â€Å"Hollywood† is dumping into him. This represents the state of mindlessness one adapts when absorbing the content in a movie. Because the mind is being spoon-fed ideas, it becomes reliant on the crutches that limit the senses and imagination. In a book, no direct image is being fed. Sounds are obsolete as well as physical touch. The only source of feed the reader has is the words on the pages. For example, when a reader sees the word â€Å"blue,† everything from the ocean to the color shirt they were wearing the other day fills his/her mind. Past memories, experiences, and events are all triggered by this word and culminate to form an expanse of images with no limits. This alone can stand as a reason why books force people to use their minds. It is at the level of sub consciousness. To even comprehend words on a page, the mind is brought to work at full gear, providing the images, sounds, feel, smell, and tastes that bring the book to life. In retrospect, we as humans are influenced by everything in existence. Whether we formulate original ideas or evaluate the ideas of others is regardless in our path of achieving knowledge and information. Our current world today is filled with advertisements and a growing population of electronics and artificial senses. That means that we are finding less use for our natural senses and imagination when we search for forms of entertainment. Schopenhauer says to find our natural influence and to enhance our thinking using the world around us. Unfortunately, the world around us is quite possibly a thousand times worse than the very books he is trying to denounce. Our minds are filled with influences and daily â€Å"trash† from entertainment businesses such as Hollywood. They are being fed the knowledge of the world rather than being forced to hunt for it. So perhaps it is preferable to turn back to the â€Å"detrimental† books and seek to expand our intelligence there. After all, the true learning readers inherit from books lies not in the actual information and ideas, but from the resulting process of reasoning and analysis of those ideas. We are not, as Schopenhauer expresses, stupid from learning. For it isn’t the feed of information from books that rusts our intelligence; on the contrary, it is our ability to respond and expand upon our learning that solidifies our knowledge and builds a base for our intellect to prosper. BIBLIOGRAPHY Lolita in Tehran, Gatsby Paul, Richard, Elder, Linda, Critical Thinking†¦ and the Art of Close Reading (Part I). Journal of Developmental Education 27 no. 2 36-7, 39 Wint. 2003 Seltzer, Jerry. Hollywood Trash. www. ParentsTV. org

Spanish & Russian Empires

The age of exploration, a period of expansion for many Eurasian empires occured between 1450 and 1800. During this period both the Spanish and thep Russian empires were able to advance economically from their connections with societies westward. Both empires used some form of a labor system in order to support their social structures, despite the fact that where the laborers originated was different within the two empires. From a political standpoint, both empires were run under an autocratic government. This period was extremely crtical to the development of both the Spanish and Russian empires. Both the Spanish and Russian empires were goeverned by an autocratic body of government. The Russian empire was ruled by a czar, while the title of the head of Spain is a king. The set up of the government of the Spanish empire was probably was developed by the catholic church, while the Russians probably modeled their government after ideas borrowed from the west. From a pollitical standpoint the major difference between the empires was that the Spanish was a maritime empire while the Russian were a landbased empire. While the Spanish focused primarily on expanding overseas, the Russians felt it was better to expandm without traveling overseas. Since the Spanish also controlled land overseas they developed a system known as viceroyalty, where a govenor was put in place to oversee the control of the Spanish colonies in the new world. The Spanish and Russian empires both developed a similar social structure. At the bottom of social structure within both empires were the labor workers. Since both economies flourished based on agricultural successes, both societies required a group of people to work the lands. The Spanish relied primarily on forced laborers from outside of their colonies, typically consisting of slaves from Africa and the native Americans. Unlike the Spanish, the Russians looked towards locals to take part in a form of serfdom. Both the Spanish and Russian empires looked westward for ways to move foreward. The Spanish focused on economical advancements while the Russian empire focused mainly on social aspects. The Russians focused on social aspects because they felt that thier submission to the mongols had put them at a severe disadvantage to the europeans. The Russians borrowed estern ideas such as those used in art, architecture, and justice. The Spanish and Russian empires were both agricullturally based. The Spanish was an empire that not only developed domestic trade but also traded overseas. The Spanish basically single-handedly brought the new world into the worldwide economy. The Spanish were at the forefront of the triangle trade which pumped alot of money into th e European economy. The Columbian Exchange brought a lot of new cash and staple crops into Europe such as potatoes and tobacco. The Russian empire however focused on developing a local economy. The local peasentry was forced into serfdom. The strict enforcement of serfdom was put in place to work the land that supports Russian economy. The age of exploration, from 1450 to 1800 was a critical point in the development of many of the Eurasian empires. Despite being seperated by vast expanses of geographical features, ideas were able to blend profusely within seperate cultures. Clearly no amount of division can stop the bridge between the building of two different empires. ———————————————————————————–