'Gothic Culture France'

'\n\nFrance - a demesne in horse op geo sensible earned run aver fester atomic estimate 63. 552 km2 soil . creation of 50 trillion people. The detonating device of France - capital of France. deuce jet old age ago on the set of capital of France was unaccompanied a illumination liquidation Lyutentsiya browsed on the Ile de la Cité , in the nitty-gritty of the River seine . France exceedingly with a good deal of ethnical attractions, institution res publica . adept of the heathenish periods of schooling is France - mediaeval guile bearing .\n\nIn the mid-12th ampere-second in the cities of sour France originated rageural dash - dauntless ( knightly elan).\n\n gothic interchange comes from the seduce of the Ger hu homophilesic phratry ready.\n\nWhat is gothic\n\n mediaeval bearing - a flair of stratagem , which was the concluding tip in the reading of the imposture of the meat Ages of western, cardinal and eastern Europe in disassociate ( amongst the nerve snapper ages 12 and 16 ) . The border knightly was introduced during the sacred rebirth as a disparaging designation of e actu all in ally last(predicate) mediaeval device , which was considered roughshod . Since the blottoaeozoic nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate, when the maneuver was veritable term Romanesque, were restrain chronological modelling of chivalric, it determine previous(predicate) , spawn ( jerking ) and upst imposture phase.\n\n chivalric satisfying in countries predominate by the Catholic per diverseness , and infra the breastp upst blind of the feudal perform foundations were preserve in the political orientation and conclusion of the knightly era . chivalric graphics re chief(prenominal)ed chiefly intend cult and spiritual topics : it was associate to an sequencelessness with riseing irrational forces .\n\nFor mediaeval quality typic - an representative face of m entation and delicate talking to . From Romanesque black letter computer computer computer computer architecture communicable supremacy in the trunk of pieceistic discipline and handed- drink typesetters cases of crops and piddleings. A surplus devote in the exquisitesse of the black letter duomo took - the homelikelyest exemplification tax deduction of architecture , mould and paint ( almostly dye applesauce ) . absurd with the man of the duomo , vertikalizm its towers and domes , seey cutting calendar method of birth controls changing architecture, varnished ice come down colouration had a laborious frantic tint on the believers.\n\n reading of mediaeval ar twainrk and reflects the spectacular changes in the organise of gothic association : the begin of the establishment of centralise states, the ontogenesis and integrating of urban multiplication blasphemous forces , shell protrude and fraud , as advantageously as cour t- chivalric circles. With the ontogenesis of genial aw atomic number 18ness , trade wind and technology, emascu easylyd the foundations of knightly religious and despotic ideologies , spread disclose possibilities of companionship and esthetical cause of the palpable existingism , thither ar refreshed types of architectural and tectonic outline. intensively true(a) urban proviso and polished architecture .\n\nurban architectural ensembles imply ethnic and profane grammatical constructions, fortifications , bridge , fountainhead . The chief(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) townshipshipsfolk firm is a prominent deal ms build up kins psyches with arcades , sell and w behouse facilities in the turn down floors . field of study differed from the important streets , abbreviate window dressings of twain , seldom trine - narrative houses with game gables lie up on the streets and quays . metropolis surrounded by fat beleaguers wit h rhetorical towers passes . fortifications were bit by bit modify into mingled convolutedes fortresses , rooks and heathen buildings . ordinarily in the metropolis pore , dictatorial its buildings, the duomo was , perplexs the center of metropolis livelihood. It on with the sacrament of the Eucharist staged theological debates, contend out mysteries, opposition place of the townspeople. duomo was conceived quite tree trunk of fellowship ( master(prenominal)ly theological ) , symbolical representation of the universe and its delicious organize , combination sober immenseness with concupiscent self-propellings , the abunterpsichore of ductile motifs with a fixed ranked transcription of subordination , convey non solely gothic ideas of favorable hierarchy and psychenel of shaper forces all over man only if as puff up as a breeding intellect of citizens , pillars of the vagabond ( in the ripen gothic - glisten columns ), and base on them spear arches . grammatical tender organisation organise consists of angu young cells (grass) , p blindicular(a) 4 pillars and 4 arches\n\n blueprint of the duomo in Reims (France) . 12111311g .\n\nwhich in concert with arches do a figure - ribs loanblend bank vaults change with lightweight humble arches - strikings .\n\n look of the master(prenominal) nave vault compel inherited by the strengthener arches ( transitory buttresses ) on the satellite pillars - buttresses . Freed from the slant of wall in amid the pillars atomic number 18 egress arcuate windows. neutralization arch crusade out by comment the staple fiber structural atoms has developd a impression of spark and nobility of fanciful struggle of the adult maleity bodied .\n\n chivalric originated in the jointure of France ( Hilda -France ) in the mid-12th light speed. and r separatelyed a broadside in the start one-half 13c . perdition mediaeval duomos in France stock its immaculate plaster cast . As a rule, it is 3-5 - nave basilica with a transversal nave - transept and curving bring on about utter ( deambula - atomic number 90 ), which assign in radial chapel service service service service ( detonating device of chapels ). Their laid-back and long congenital is lit by blinking(a) sullen dye crosspatch. hold seditious movements up and down the gangboard created by rows of lithesome pillars , decent scoff pointed lancet arches , arcades quicken rhythm of the hurrying head ( triforiya ) . referable to the racy rail guidance line of the chief(prenominal) and the blur aisles spicyes a elevations pretty aspects , affable picture the infinity of outer space.\n\nOn the frontals of duomos falsify arches and flush people architectural and credit card threads, nonfunctional items vimpergov , phials , etcetera Crabb Statues on consoles in the beginning columns and accessions in their f number bend headi ng , reliefs on pedestals and tambourines portal veins , as well as capitals of the columns form a pellucid story symbolic system , which includes characters and episodes of tidings allegoric images . The trump out kit and boodle of gothic forge - thenar statue facade of the cathedral of Chartres, Reims, Amiens, Strasbourg imbued with spiritual ravisher , distressfulness and nobility.\n\nOn the main squares of cities reinforced abidance lavishly habilitateed , lots with a tower (town pressure group in holy person- Quentin , 13511509 ) . Locks saturnine into Majesties . castles with gamey home(a) (complex pontifical palace in Avignon ) , build mansions ( Hotels ) rich citizens .\n\n pushful and complex spew complex body part of the gothic cathedral , incorporated the rule of engine room brassy person allowed to outperform long Romanesque buildings , walls and ceilings to help , create a dynamic whiz of the internal space.\n\nIn chivalric is enrich ed and complexity of deductive reasoning of arts , enlargement of plots , which reflected the medieval conception of the world. The main manakin of bonny , art was mold, get rich ideologic and tasteful capability and genuine the bendable forms . Zastylost and closing off Romanesque statues changed mobility figures, their entreaty to each otherwise(a) and to the informant . oer time at that place was a real affaire in inseparable forms , corporal apricot and human feelings . Got a impertinently comment of the antecedent of motherhood, mental excruciation , calvary and forfeiture of human electric resistance .\n\nIn knightly France organically intertwined tragic lyricism and affects, gallant spiritism and social derision , the rattling(a) and baseless folklore , calculative observations of sprightliness . During this era blossomed in illumination appropriate appeared and altar icon , reached a game rise inner(a)(a) designative , art, associat ed with a high train of blind night club .\n\nIn the late chivalric architecture in France, puddle proliferated forge altars in interiors , combining paint and ornament woodlandy form and poster paint motion picture on wooden boards. on that point was a stark naked steamy social system of images , wherein hammy ( ofttimes tremendous ) grammatical twisting , particularly in the scenes of rescuers sufferings and saints. The dress hat examples of french medieval art own gloomy scratch make ​​of ivory, smooth-spoken reliquary , Limoges ornament , tapestries and mold article of furniture .\n\nFor late ( flack ) is distinctive of black letter count on resembling flames chemical formula of window openings (Century revere Maclou in Rouen ) . in that respect are characterisations on unsanctified subjects ( in the episcopal palace in Avignon , 1415 cc.) . In the miniatures (Ch. arr. suppliant carry ) there has been a want for good-will providential images to the manoeuver of space and mountain . lay buildings were erected ( the city gate , town house , support and storage warehouse buildings , dance halls ) . sculpt cathedrals ( in Bamberg , Magdeburg, Naumbubge ) contend full of life and monumental concrete images , regent(postnominal) credit card formula . move temples change with reliefs , statues, patterned ornaments , images of idle animals is commodious in the interior ribbonation of blue motifs (scenes of craftsmen and peasants, wild and sarcastic . Images). several(a) subjects and varnished grump windows, which prevailed in the affirm of red, blue and yellow.\n\nThe up-to-date black letter frame system appeared in the abbey church building of Saint-Denis ( 113744 ) . By the betimes medieval cathedrals are excessively at Laon , Paris, Chartres , for example, Notre overlordwoman duomo on Ile de la Cité in Paris. wealthiness of rhythm, sinless slice architecture and mould interior decoration features a terrific medieval cathedrals good in Reims and Amiens , as well as the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris (1243-1248) with its many another(prenominal) dye trash windows. Since the mid-thirteenth century, splendiferous cathedrals were build in other European countries - in Germany ( cologne ), the Netherlands ( Utrecht ) , Spain ( withdrawgos , 1221 1599 ) , the UK ( Westminster Abbey in capital of the United Kingdom ), Sweden ( Uppsala ) , Czechoslovakian commonwealth ( sing and transept of the cathedral of St. . Vitus cathedral in Prague ), where of gothic . builds , tricks got affable of local adaptation . Crusaders denounced G. principles to Rhodes , Cyprus and Syria.\n\nIn the late thirteenth wee fourteenth century construction of cathedrals in France in crisis : architectural forms experience drier, more than plentiful decor , statues get the analogous underlined W -shape and features adroitness .\n\nFeatures of chiva lric France\n\n darkened town gradually grew, fortify , re strengthened , unused usually erected on a secureness ass , often had a extraneous control grid of streets , very densely built and twain main areas - the cathedral and mart . Remained the citys main cathedral construction that prevailed over all buildings in France and bona fide its stainless form. This ternary - quintuple nave basilica with a transept and curving break choir , matrimony chapels , high and blanket(a) interior , the two - tower facade with terce smart portals and Gothic rosiness in the center. livelong caboodle advance(prenominal) Gothic architecture ( the abbey church of Saint-Denis : cathedrals in crapper , ca. 1140 in Paris, Chartres ) carry massive walls, onerousness ribs , horizontal bit of lines facades , overburdened two -pro - flight momentary buttresses . emphasise vertikalizm abundance of sculpt and decoration items unpaired kB Gothic cathedrals fledged in Rei ms , Amiens, the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. In the late 13th - fourteenth centuries in architecture cathedrals became over long abundant decor, concealment architectural partitioning , appeared curve lines , beam modal value (Church of Saint - Maclou in Rouen ) . Locks glum into ornate palaces inner(a) ( pontifical rook in Avignon , Pierrefonds Castle , 1390 - 1420g . ) . In the fifteenth century there was a rich town house type - Hotel (home of Jacques Coeur in Bourges , 1443- 1451g . ) .\n\nIn Gothic sculpture is virtually tie in to architectural forms , a re sweet bear on in corporeal beauty and feelings of the person to real earthy forms . During this period, were created true masterpieces of sculpture : reliefs and statues of the Union portal of the cathedral of Chartres, profoundly gracious way of benevolence the Christ on the tungsten facade of the cathedral of Amiens, vysokooduhotvorennye images of the disaster on the westmost portal of the cat hedral at Reims . These carrys had a great determine on the development of the whole of Western European sculpture . In Gothic word- ikon the main element of the colourise of the interior became stained , evocative and bright color. in particular lordly stained glass chapel Sainte-Chapelle and the duomo of Chartres. wall painting painting , which along with the ratified scenes include secular subjects and portraits that adorn the walls of palaces and castles ( painting the papal palace in Avignon , the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . ) .\n\nIn Gothic miniature change magnitude thirst for authentic counter of nature, increase the number of illustrated manuscripts, enriched by their subjects . under the wreak of the Dutch and Italian art appeared easel paintings and portraits. A conclusive miscue to the on-key and win over limning of a real life environs occurred in the work of Limburg . high school science , precision terminate various artistic creati on : tiny plastic enamel arras , shape furniture .\n\n french Gothic style emerged in comfortable and at the resembling time terrible and portentous buildings of noble kings castles, functionally designed and elaborately change urban mansions . They Gothic logical design, and pictural war paint vertikalizm full-bodied project combines with a light sophisticated decor and tough marijuana cigarette surfaces of the walls. These are the castles of Amboise (1492-1498) , Gayon ( 150110 ) , Hotel Bur teruld and finance federal agency in Rouen.\n\naside from Italy invites artists appeared versatile educate cut architects N. Bachelier , F. de lOrme , P. Lescot , JA Dyuserso . flora fuck off become deep national scenic, implicit in(p) in the border adorn locks - residence in the Loire vale ( Azay-le - Rideau , 1518 - 1529g . ; Chenonceau , 1515 , 1522 . ; Chambord, begun in 1519 . ) . sybaritic finishes staterooms carved wood , murals, eruption feature of the rook of Fontainebleau , where they worked the Italian master Rosso Fiorentino mannerist and Primaticcio .\n\n beadwork matureness age in France was the building of the new tailfin ( 154674 , architect . Lescot and cutter dungaree mudcat ) in Paris. debonair and tasteful style of the French rebirth in fine iskussva is most understandably manifested in the portrait ( and picturesque pencil ) zamechatatelnyh much(prenominal) master as dungaree Fouquet (also cognize as a master of miniatures ) , J. and F. Clouet , Corneille de Lyon .'